Personal problem solving: A descriptive study of individual differences.

Abstract

This study examined differences between students who have perceived themselves as "successful" and "unsuccessful" problem solvers. Specifically, differences were examined across a range of cognitive, affective, and behavioral variables, with two different types of problems-intrapersonal and interpersonal. Twenty undergraduate students who scored high and 20 who scored low on an independently developed Problem Solving Inventory (a) were questioned about how they solved interpersonal and intrapersonal problems within a 1-hour structured interview, and (b) completed the Mooney Problem Checklist. Following the session, interviewers rated each subject on several cognitive and behavioral variables, and they recorded behavioral observations and anecdotal events. The results revealed that the self-perceived "successful" and "unsuccessful" problem solvers differed (a) in the number of problems they acknowledged on the Mooney; (b) on a number of self-report ratings about the personal problem solving process (e.g., attributions, expectations, intervention strategies, attitudes, and behaviors); and (c) on ratings made by the interviewers on several cognitive and behavioral variables. In addition, results indicated that the type of personal problem being solved affected the problem-solving process.Applied real-life problem solving is of special concern for professionals who are interested in helping others solve problems that are particularly troublesome. Counselors are a group of such professionals who are interested in problem solving. Krumboltz (1965) indicates that "the central reason for the existence of counseling is based on the fact that people have problems that they are unable to resolve by themselves" (p. 383). Yet, after reviewing much of the problem-solving literature, Horan (1979) concluded that investigators have not developed a technology for helping clients with

The Development of the Solution Building Inventory

“…Studies done examining how problem-solving effects irrational beliefs and dysfunctional thoughts show that insufficient problem-solving skills contributes to these psychological processes (Heppner, Hibel, Neal, Weinstein, & Rabinowitz, 1982;Heppner, Kampa, & Brunning, 1987). In addition, the frequency of personal problems increases when individuals possesses ineffective problem-solving abilities (Harrison, 1994;Heppner, Baumgardner, & Jackson, 1985;Nezu, 1985;Nezu problem-solving skills (Reid & Dixon, 2000).…”

Evaluation of First Year Medical Students’ Perceptions of Problem Solving Skills and Submissive Behaviour Status

“…26 ABD'de yapılan çeşitli çalışmalarda cinsiyete göre PÇE toplam puan ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. [27][28][29][30] Bu çalışmada da aynı sonuç elde edilmiştir. İstatistik-sel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamakla birlikte, kız öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerinde kendilerini daha iyi algıladıkları görülmüştür.…”

Li̇se Öğrenci̇leri̇nde Problem Çözme Beceri̇leri̇ni̇n Akilci Olmayan İnanç Düzeyi̇ Ve Karar Verme Sti̇lleri̇ne Göre Yordanmasi

“…Bu nedenle bu iki kavramın birbirleriyle yakından ilişkili olduğu söylenebilir. Heppner, Hibel ve Neal (1982), yaptıkları araştırmada problem çözme ile karar verme arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu ve kendilerini problem çözme konusunda başarılı olarak değerlendiren bireylerin karar verme konusunda daha sistematik olduklarını ortaya koymuşlardır. Benzer şekilde Aydın, Birol ve Demir (2017), karar verme ve problem çözme arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuş ve karar verme becerisinin problem çözme becerisinin %37'sini yordadığını belirtmiştir.…”

“…Bu nedenle, dikkatli karar verme becerisi, ergenler için daha fazla önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü yeterince araştırma ve değerlendirme yaparak özenli bir şekilde karar veren bireylerin daha doğru kararlar aldıkları, kendilerine dair özgüvenlerinin yüksek olduğu ve problem çözme konusunda kendilerini daha yeterli gördükleri bilinmektedir (Arın, 2006;Burnett, 1991;Heppner, Hibel ve Neal, 1982;Mann ve diğ., 1998).…”