Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: A Conceptual Framework

Ibarra, Herminia

doi:10.5465/amr.1993.3997507

Cited by 1,172 publications

(1,129 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In an academic context, men make up the overwhelming majority of STEM faculty (National Science Foundation, 2015). As such, the opportunity structure for forming homophilous versus heterophilous ties varies by gender (Ibarra, 1993;Blau, 1977). Specifically, the network connections of men (i.e., the numerical majority group) should be primarily homophilous, whereas for women (i.e., the marginalized status group) network connections should be primarily heterophilous.…”

Section: Social Group Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, network connections are classified as expressive or instrumental (Ibarra, 1993). Within the workplace, instrumental ties involve interactions within the work role and exchanges of job related-resources, such as information and advice, whereas expressive ties entail personal interaction and exchanges of sentiments, such as trust and liking.…”

Section: The Relational Context Of Social Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social isolation, survey nonresponse, and nonresponse bias: An empirical evaluation using social network data within an organization

Watanabe

Olson

Falci

2017

Social Science Research

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Survey researchers have long hypothesized that social isolation negatively affects the probability of survey participation and biases survey estimates. Previous research, however, has relied on proxy measures of isolation, such as being a marginalized group member within a population. We re-examine the relationship between social isolation and survey participation using direct measures of social isolation derived from social network data; specifically, instrumental research and expressive friendship connections among faculty within academic departments. Using a reconceptualization of social isolation, we find that social network isolation is negatively associated with unit response. Among women (a numerical minority group within the organization), we further find that social group isolation (i.e., lacking instrumental network connections to men, the majority group in the organization) is negatively associated with survey participation. Finally, we show that some survey estimates are systematically biased due to nonparticipation from socially isolated people.

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Section: Social Group Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Relational Context Of Social Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social isolation, survey nonresponse, and nonresponse bias: An empirical evaluation using social network data within an organization

Watanabe

Olson

Falci

2017

Social Science Research

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“…O que predomina nestes estudos é a força das ligações (ligações fortes e fracas), um tipo de rede baseado no indivíduo (LI, 2004). Alguns autores, tais como Ahmad, 2005, Sjöstrand(1992apud LI, 2004; Johannisson, 1998;Ibarra, 1993, Ribeiro e Santos, 2003 mencionam em seus estudos que as redes entre empreendedores podem ser divididas em redes pessoais e redes de negócios, baseados no indivíduo e na organização. Há também estudos que ressaltam somente os diferentes tipos de redes de negócios segundo o ponto de vista organizacional.…”

Section: Redes Sociais Empreendedorasunclassified

Articulação de redes sociais por empreendedores na formação do capital social: um estudo de caso de uma empresa do setor de turismo do interior do Paraná

Ducci

Teixeira

2010

Rev. Tur. Anál.

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ResumoNa criação de novos negócios os empreendedores tendem a mobilizar sua rede social para obter informações para acessar recursos e transformar visões e planos de negócios em realidade (BIRLEY, 1985). Se a rede social dos empreendedores, construídas pelos contatos formais e informais, contribuem para o alcance dos seus objetivos, estas redes são seu capital social. (BURT, 1992;PUTNAM, 1995). Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como as redes sociais são utilizadas pelos empreendedores na formação do seu capital social, nas fases de criação e de desenvolvimento de um negócio. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo de caso único em uma empresa do setor turístico localizada na região norte pioneiro do Paraná. As evidencias foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os empreendedores além de observação simples e análise de documentos. Os resultados do trabalho sugerem que nas duas fases dos negócios; na criação e desenvolvimento, a rede social dos empreendedores permitiu acesso aos diferentes recursos que contribuíram para a formação do seu capital social. Palavras-chave: Redes sociais; capital social; empreendedorismo; turismo. (BIRLEY, 1985). If the social networks of the entrepreneurs, constructed by formal and informal contacts, contributes to reach entrepreneurs objectives, these networks are their social capital (BURT, 1992; PUT AM, 1995 Abstract In new businesses creation entrepreneurs tend to mobilize its social networks to get information to access resources and to transform business vision and plans into reality

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“…The authors concluded that there is a need for more research on the distinction between instrumental and expressive relationships. Others have observed differences in the composition of men's and women's instrumental/expressive networks in organizations, where men's instrumental and expressive networks tend to overlap more, bringing them greater "competitive advantage" (Campbell, 1988;Ibarra, 1992Ibarra, , 1993bLin, 2006b;Marchand et al, 2007). Umphress et al (2003) also found differences between instrumental and expressive relationships with regards to organizational justice.…”

Section: Different Situations Call For Different Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One often found distinction between the content of relationships is whether they are instrumental or expressive (Casciaro et al, 1999;Dabos and Rousseau, 2004;Fombrun, 1982;Ibarra, 1993a,b;Ibarra and Andrews, 1993;Lazega, 2001Lazega, ,1992Lin, 2007Lin, , 2006aSaint-Charles, 2001;Saint-Charles and Mongeau, 2005;Umphress et al, 2003). In organizational settings, instrumental relationships are related primarily to work situations, whereas expressive relationships address, above all else, emotional matters (Ibarra, 1993b). Among the relational content explored in organizational studies, advice and friendship have been the most studied, each exemplifying either the instrumental or the expressive aspects of social networks in organizations.…”

Section: Instrumental and Expressive Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different relationships for coping with ambiguity and uncertainty in organizations

Saint‐Charles

Mongeau

2009

Social Networks

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a b s t r a c tThis study seeks to shed light on the relationship between the situation and the activation of specific relationships. We hypothesized that the type of uncertainty present in a situation would prompt people to call upon different relationships based on different types of trust: cognitive trust for expertise and affective trust for friendship. We elaborated vignettes as name generators to test whether the colleagues called upon in different situations were perceived as being more friends or more experts. The perceived level of expertise and friendship were evaluated with Likert-style scales. The results support our theoretical argument to the effect that the "activation" of a relationship is influenced by the type of uncertainty a person is confronted to. Situations of information uncertainty elicit recourse to relationships based on expertise while ambiguous situations call for friendship.

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Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: A Conceptual Framework

Cited by 1,172 publications

References 45 publications

Social isolation, survey nonresponse, and nonresponse bias: An empirical evaluation using social network data within an organization

Social isolation, survey nonresponse, and nonresponse bias: An empirical evaluation using social network data within an organization

Articulação de redes sociais por empreendedores na formação do capital social: um estudo de caso de uma empresa do setor de turismo do interior do Paraná

Different relationships for coping with ambiguity and uncertainty in organizations

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