Personal Income Tax and Redistribution in the Canadian Federation

A Visible Light-Cross-Linkable, Fibrin–Gelatin-Based Bioprinted Construct with Human Cardiomyocytes and Fibroblasts

“…As shown in Figure 4A, the elastic modulus was found to be 9.76 kPa, which is comparable to that of the native myocardium. 13 The complex viscosity calculated at an angular frequency of 1.99 Hz was 1.63 Pa•s. The average storage and loss moduli for the tested samples (samples #1 and #2) were determined ( Figure 4B).…”

“…This dual cross-linking procedure yielded an elastic modulus of 9.6 kPa, which closely resembles that of the native myocardium. 13 Prior studies with fibrin have incorporated chemical cross-linkers such as genipin 15,78 and glutaraldehyde, 79 which have been reported to be potentially toxic to cells. 63 On the contrary, the fibrin-gelatin scaffolds utilized in this study favored cell growth and proliferation with a negligible dead cell count, indicating that the dual-step cross-linking imposed no toxicity on the cell population encapsulated within the constructs.…”

“…However, the rheology study performed on the aforementioned scaffolds revealed an elastic modulus of 1.7 kPa, which is significantly lower than that of the native myocardium that has been determined to be ~9 kPa. 13 This created an immediate need for a biomaterial to be used in tandem with gel-fu to develop a scaffold with a modulus closely mimicking the mechanical properties of the native heart tissue. The extensive and widespread usage of fibrin as a surgical sealant 14 and as tissue engineering scaffolds 15 made it the most natural choice to be incorporated as an additive for the development of a cardiac construct.…”

Rule-Based Resource Revenue Stabilization Funds: A Welfare Comparison

“…2 For example, increased government expenditure volatility can increase private sector uncertainty and, thereby, reduce investment, growth and welfare. Volatility in government revenue that leads to volatile movements in government spending and stop-go pro-cyclical fiscal policies can accentuate economic cycles (Boothe, 1995;Sturm, Gurtner, and Alegre, 2009;Villafuerte and Lopez-Murphy, 2010;Erbil, 2011;Ploeg and Venables, 2012). 3 The rapid expansion of programs and capital spending during revenue booms can raise input prices and stretch the capacity of governments to provide services and monitor spending, leading to waste, inefficiency and the unproductive use of government funds (Barnett and Ossowski, 2002).…”

In Vitro Growth-Inhibitory Synergistic Effect of Zinc Pyrithione in Combination with Gentamicin against Bacterial Skin Pathogens of Livestock

“…Another promising strategy to combat the rising problem of resistance is a combinatory antimicrobial therapy. Specifically, synergistic interaction between two agents, in which one agent enhances the effect of the other and together they act more efficiently than as individual agents, are well known [ 20 , 21 ]. Synergism against bacterial skin pathogens such as S. aureus or Streptococcus spp.…”