“…On the other hand frequency domain methods yield promising results but these techniques, like the Fourier transform, are thin-skinned to the asymmetric illumination conditions (Wei et al, 2005). Hence we have opted for two frequency based methods, contourlet Mansoor et al, 2008), non-subsampled contourlet transform and their combination . In our approach we have catered for lop-sided illumination conditions by calculating the normalized directional energy content of the palmprint.…”