Personal black carbon exposure and its determinants among elderly adults in urban China

Zhou, Huichan; Lin, Jingjing; Shen, Yuning; Deng, Fuchang; Gao, Ying; Liu, Yuanyuan; Dong, Haoran; Ying-jian, Zhang; Sun, Qinghua; Fang, Jianlong; Tang, Song; Wang, Yanwen; Du, Yanjun; Cui, Liangliang; Ruan, Shiman; Kong, Fanling; Liu, Zhaorong; Li, Tiantian

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105607

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Physical and chemical properties of PM 2.5 , such as particle size and chemical composition, have been demonstrated to be two of the important factors responsible for PM 2.5 health effects [27,28]. A growing number of studies have recently been conducted focusing on the health effects of PM 2.5 components, which suggest that certain PM 2.5 components such as black carbon (BC), transition metals and organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and quinones-like substances may have relatively higher health impacts due to stronger toxicity or higher oxidative potential [28–31]. Therefore, this implies that although southern China has lower levels of PM 2.5 than northern China, it does not necessarily mean that the potential health risk of PM 2.5 in southern China is also lower.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Particulate Matter Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding sources of fine particulate matter in China

Zheng

Yan

Zhu

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Fine particulate matter has been a major concern in China as it is closely linked to issues such as haze, health and climate impacts. Since China released its new national air quality standard for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in 2012, great efforts have been put into reducing its concentration and meeting the standard. Significant improvement has been seen in recent years, especially in Beijing, the capital city of China. This paper reviews how China understands its sources of fine particulate matter, the major contributor to haze, and the most recent findings by researchers. It covers the characteristics of PM 2.5 in China, the major methods to understand its sources such as emission inventory and measurement networks, the major research programmes in air quality research, and the major measures that lead to successful control of fine particulate matter pollution. A great example of linking scientific findings to policy is the control of coal combustion from the residential sector in northern China. This review not only provides an overview of the fine particulate matter pollution problem in China, but also its experience of air quality management, which may benefit other countries facing similar issues. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.

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Section: Characteristics Of Particulate Matter Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding sources of fine particulate matter in China

Zheng

Yan

Zhu

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Personal exposure also related significantly to indoor and outdoor pollutant levels, which highlighted home characteristics and air exchange rates as important factors for personal exposures. In addition, environmental temperature, humidity, educational level, usage of air purifiers, time near sources and concentration of black carbon also influenced the level of personal exposure [ 60 , 61 , 80 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/ijerph19148752/s1, Table S1. Quality Report [73][74][75][76][77][78]80,81,83], Table S2. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Pollution and the Health of Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review Focused on Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Their Effects on Children and People with Pre-Existing Lung Disease

Maung

Bishop

Holt

et al. 2022

IJERPH

105

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Air pollution affects health, but much of the focus to this point has been on outdoor air. Higher indoor pollution is anticipated due to increasingly energy-efficient and less leaky buildings together with more indoor activities. Studies of indoor air pollution focusing on children and people with respiratory disease from the database Web of Science (1991–2021) were systemically reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines, with 69 studies included in the final selection. Emissions from building materials affected indoor air quality, and ventilation also had an influence. The main indoor air pollutants are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Particulate Matter (PM). PM sources included smoking, cooking, heating, candles, and insecticides, whereas sources of coarse particles were pets, housework and human movements. VOC sources included household products, cleaning agents, glue, personal care products, building materials and vehicle emissions. Formaldehyde levels were particularly high in new houses. Personal exposure related to both indoor and outdoor pollutant levels, highlighting home characteristics and air exchange rates as important factors. Temperature, humidity, educational level, air purifiers and time near sources were also related to personal exposure. There was an association between PM and Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), lung function, oxygen saturation, childhood asthma and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. High VOCs were associated with upper airways and asthma symptoms and cancer. Effective interventional studies for PM in the future might focus on human behavior together with air purifiers and increased ventilation, whereas VOC interventions might center more on building materials and household products, alongside purification and ventilation.

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“…For BC, there are no exposure limit set by AQG. Epidemiological studies have described mean BC concentrations in low ranges from 0.7-to-12.6 μg/m 3 reaching up to as high as 83 μg/m 3 and 399 μg/m 3 in a number of studies from Asia and Africa ( Curto et al 2019 ; Norris et al 2016 ; Sharma and Jain 2020 ; Zhou et al 2020 ). In our study, the percent decrease in BC levels after the intervention was the lowest among the three HAP markers which remained at relatively elevated levels (6.27 ± 4.53 μg/m 3 ) after the intervention, similar to the levels seen in countries where BMF use is common ( Curto et al 2019 ; Norris et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%