Persistent, Vertical-Migration Rhythms in Benthic Microflora. Vi. The Tidal and Diurnal Nature of the Rhythm in the Diatom Hantzschia Virgata

Palmer, John D.; Round, F. E.

doi:10.2307/1539877

Cited by 123 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…This phenomenon has been known for a long time and consists of an upward migration of cells to the sediment surface during diurnal low tides and a downward migration shortly before tidal flood or night (Fauvel & Bohn, 1907;Palmer & Round, 1967;Admiraal, 1984;Consalvey et al, 2004;Du et al, 2010). This rhythmic behaviour has been considered a key adaptation to the sedimentary intertidal habitat (Seroˆdio & Catarino, 2000;Mitbavkar & Anil, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported the endogenous nature of the vertical migratory behaviour of benthic microalgae, showing that the vertical movements continue for several days, synchronized with solar and tidal cycles, in the absence of external stimuli (Palmer & Round, 1967;Palmer, 1974;Seroˆdio et al, 1997). However, the motility of benthic microalgae also responds to exogenous cues, such as temperature (Cohn et al, 2003), the presence of sub-surface nutrients (Kingston, 2002), physical disturbance of the sediment (Hopkins, 1966) or wave action (Kingston, 1999b), and sediment desiccation (Coelho et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endogenous versus environmental control of vertical migration by intertidal benthic microalgae

Coelho

Vieira

Serôdio

2011

European Journal of Phycology

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The vertical migratory behaviour of estuarine microphytobenthos, i.e. the biofilm-forming microalgae inhabiting intertidal sediments, is probably a significant factor for their success in this extreme and unstable environment. The present work aimed to assess the relative role of endogenous versus environmental control of benthic microalgal vertical migratory behaviour. This was done by comparing the patterns of vertical migration in undisturbed sediment samples kept under constant conditions of darkness and low light with those in ambient light conditions, by measuring the changes in the surface microalgal biomass during daytime low-tide periods. The results showed that the formation of a biofilm was a two-phase process. It began with a relatively small accumulation of cells at the surface, starting hours before the beginning of the light period and endogenously driven. However, the full formation of the biofilm required exposure to light by the expected beginning of the photoperiod, which further promoted upward migration and accelerated the cell accumulation at the surface. In the absence of light, upward migration was interrupted and the incipient biofilm began to disaggregate. The relative importance of the endogenously controlled behaviour varied during the spring-neap tidal cycle, reaching a maximum on those days when low tide occurred in the middle of the day, suggesting its entrainment by the duration of light exposure on previous days. The regulation of the surface cell concentration during daytime low tides was found to be strongly dependent on exogenous factors, particularly irradiance. The spontaneous disaggregation of the biofilm shortly before the end of the low-tide period (due to tidal flood or sunset), both under constant as well as ambient light conditions, suggested the presence of an endogenously controlled positive geotaxis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous versus environmental control of vertical migration by intertidal benthic microalgae

Coelho

Vieira

Serôdio

2011

European Journal of Phycology

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“…The motility of benthic diatoms is manifested as the vertical migration to and from the sediment surface that can be observed in intertidal (Palmer & Round, 1967;Round, 1979;Serôdio et al, 1997) and permanently submerged sediments (Round & Happey, 1965;Fischer et al, 1977;Jönsson et al, 1994). This phenomenon involves the vertical movement of large numbers of cells causing rapid and large changes in microalgal biomass at the sediment surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under constant conditions, in the absence of vertically oriented external environmental gradients such as light, temperature or water cover, benthic diatoms maintain a vertical migratory rhythm for several days (Palmer & Round, 1967;Serôdio et al, 1997Serôdio et al, , 2005. To explain the vertical migratory rhythms observed under constant conditions, gravitactic orientation by benthic diatoms has long been postulated (Round & Happey, 1965;Round & Eaton, 1966;Palmer & Round, 1967;Harper, 1977;Mitbavkar & Anil, 2004;Coelho et al, 2011). In intertidal and shallow subtidal environments, tidal ebb/flood, as well as currents during submersion causes frequent resuspension and deposition of the top layers of the sediment (de Jonge & van Beusekom, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for gravitactic behaviour in benthic diatoms

Frankenbach

Pais

Martínez

et al. 2014

European Journal of Phycology

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Vertical migration by diatoms is a well-known phenomenon, occurring in intertidal and subtidal benthic biofilms. It is partially endogenously driven, as cell movements can be observed in the absence of external stimuli such as light, temperature or water cover. Although vertical migration of diatoms under constant conditions has often been attributed to geotactic orientation, this hypothesis has never been experimentally demonstrated. Our study tested the gravitactic nature of the vertical migratory behaviour of benthic diatoms in sedimentary biofilms, using an experimental setup designed to distinguish gravitaxis from surface-oriented cell movements. The hourly variation of surface diatom biomass during migratory cycles was compared in homogenized sediment samples kept facing upwards (surface-oriented and gravity stimuli coinciding; controls) and facing sideways or downwards (surface-oriented and gravity stimuli not coinciding). During the experiments, sediment samples were kept in complete darkness in custom-made, sealed measuring chambers designed to avoid any contact with atmospheric air and the formation of physico-chemical gradients near the surface. Microalgal biomass was monitored non-intrusively using PAM fluorometry, by measuring dark-level fluorescence, F o . The results showed a clear effect of sample orientation in relation to the gravitational stimulus. In the controls, a biphasic pattern in surface biomass was observed, with the formation of a clear biomass peak (three-to six-fold increase) followed by a slower decrease. In contrast, in samples facing sideways or downwards, surface biomass also varied but to a much lesser extent (typically < two-fold). These results strongly suggest that, in the absence of light, upward vertical migration of benthic diatoms is mostly guided by negative gravitaxis, supporting the often hypothesized capacity of these cells to sense and use gravity to move vertically within the sediment.

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“…On the other hand, the period is often about 24.8 hr (a double-tidal interval), when the activity occurs either in the daytime or at night (e.g., Saigusa, 1982Saigusa, ,1997aNeumann, 1987), or when it is correlated with the fluctuations of the height of semidiurnal tides (e.g., Enright, 1972;Saigusa and Kawagoye, 1997). Since there is clear evidence that synchrony with the tidal cycle is changeable between the single-tidal interval (12.4 hr) and the double-tidal interval (24.8 hr) (see Saigusa and Akiyama, 1995), it is not reasonable to define a new term such as 'circalunidian' for the double-tidal interval (e.g., Palmer, 1995;Naylor, 1996). Some opposing notions have been produced as to the timing systems of marine organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence Rhythms of Subtidal Small Invertebrates in the Subtropical Sea: Nocturnal Patterns and Variety in the Synchrony with Tidal and Lunar Cycles

Saigusa

Oishi

2000

Zoological Science

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Persistent, Vertical-Migration Rhythms in Benthic Microflora. Vi. The Tidal and Diurnal Nature of the Rhythm in the Diatom Hantzschia Virgata

Cited by 123 publications

References 16 publications

Endogenous versus environmental control of vertical migration by intertidal benthic microalgae

Endogenous versus environmental control of vertical migration by intertidal benthic microalgae

Evidence for gravitactic behaviour in benthic diatoms

Emergence Rhythms of Subtidal Small Invertebrates in the Subtropical Sea: Nocturnal Patterns and Variety in the Synchrony with Tidal and Lunar Cycles

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