Persistent inequalities in child undernutrition: evidence from 80 countries, from 1990 to today

Bredenkamp, Caryn; Buisman, Leander R.; Poel, Ellen Van de

doi:10.1093/ije/dyu075

Cited by 65 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The prevalence of stunting is reportedly higher in less wealthy households 24 ) , and the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in underweight and stunting was larger in countries with a higher prevalence of underweight and stunting, respectively 25 ) . Children whose families were educated and consisted of fewer than five family members had significantly lower odds of undernutrition compared with peers in illiterate families and family sizes of more than five members, respectively 26 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in Yemen: Role of adequate childcare provided by adults under conditions of food insecurity

2016

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Objective: This study examined the associations between the adequacy of childcare provided by adult caretakers and childhood undernutrition in rural Yemen, independent of household wealth and food consumption.Methods: We analyzed data of 3,549 children under the age of 5 years living in rural areas of Yemen based on the 2013 Yemen Baseline Survey of Mother and Child Health. Nutritional status was evaluated by the presence of underweight, stunting, and wasting according to the World Health Organization child growth standards. The impact of childcare including leaving children alone, putting older children into labor force, and the use of antenatal care while pregnant on child undernutrition was assessed and adjusted for food consumption by children, household composition, demographic and educational background of caretakers, and household wealth.Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was 46.2%, 62.6%, and 11.1%, respectively. Not leaving children alone, keeping children out of the labor force, and use of antenatal care were associated with a lower risk of underweight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84, P = 0.016; OR = 0.84, P = 0.036; and OR = 0.85, P = 0.042) and stunting (OR = 0.80, P = 0.004; OR = 0.82, P = 0.024; and OR = 0.78, P = 0.003). After further adjustment for food consumption, the associations between adequate childcare indicators and lower odds of stunting remained significant (OR = 0.73, P = 0.025; OR = 0.72, P = 0.046; and OR = 0.76, P = 0.038).Conclusions: A marked prevalence of stunting among rural children in Yemen was observed. Adequate childcare by adult caretakers in families is associated with a lower incidence of underweight and stunting among children under 5 years of age. Promoting adequate childcare by adult household members is a feasible option for reducing undernutrition among children in rural Yemen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in Yemen: Role of adequate childcare provided by adults under conditions of food insecurity

2016

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“…13 Moreover, the conclusion from 131 demographic health surveys and 48 multiple indicator cluster surveys from 80 countries done from 1990 to 2011 was that countries with higher prevalence of stunting tended to have larger socioeconomic inequalities. 30 Unfortunately, we were not able to analyze differences of stunting status by socioeconomic situation of families due to lack of data. However, gender as a risk factor of stunting at 24 months of age was reported to be more likely in boys the first year, and more likely in girls the second year, in a study of Filipino children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic factors at birth for stunting at 24 months of age in rural Indonesia

Prawirohartono

Nurdiati

Hakimi

2016

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Background The problems of stunting are its high prevalence as well as the complexity of its risk factors. Identifying the modifiable prognostic factors at birth may reduce the shortterm as well as longterm effects of stunting in later life.Objective To estimate the influence of prognostic factors detected at birth for stunting at 24 months of age and the occurence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age among children in a rural area of Indonesia.Methods Subjects (n=343) were born to mothers participating in a randomized controlled, double-blind, community-based study of vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation during pregnancy and followed from June 1998 to October 2000. The children were followed prospectively from birth until 2 years of age with monthly measurements of length from birth to 12 months, and again at 18 and 24 months. Data on potential prognostic factors detected at birth, i.e., maternal, child, and household facilities, were collected by trained field workers at home visits. The incidence and risk ratio were calculated to assess the influence of the possible prognostic factors detected at birth on stunting at 24 months of age among these children.Results Boys who were born prematurely had significantly higher risk of stunting at 24 months of age compared to girls born maturely. The incidences of stunting at 24 months of age according to gender, and gestational age were 33.9% boys vs. 22.5% girls (RR 1.80; 95%CI 1.06 to 3.09), and 33.3% premature vs. 27.6% mature (RR 7.11; 95%CI 2.07 to 24.48), respectively.Conclusion Boys who were born prematurely have significantly higher risk to become stunted at 24 months of age. The occurrence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age is low.

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“…This depends, as was seen in section V, on the effect of the nutrition program on cognitive development, i.e. (d ( ) d ( ) ⁄ in eqn (6). It is possible that this effect might be increased if there are ECD interventions delivered in tandem with the nutrition intervention.…”

Section: Lowering the Costs Of Stunting And Raising The Returnsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Their income today would have been higher by a percentage that reflects the education penalty associated with childhood stunting, the returns to education, the adult height penalty to childhood stunting, and the returns to height. 6. By reviewing studies quantifying these penalties and returns, and by finding out the age distribution of current workers so we can find out what fraction of current workers were stunted in childhood, we can quantify -using the method of 'development accounting' -the per capita income penalty a country incurs for not having eliminated stunting when today's workers were children.…”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inequalities within countries have shown a high degree of persistence. 6,7 In 2012, the sixty-fifth World Health Assembly (WHA) endorsed § a target ** for stunting: to reduce by 40% the number of stunted under-five children by 2025. This has been adopted as a goal for SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.…”

Section: B Trends In Stunting and Global Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FISH protein hydrolysates: Their potential application for prevention of stunting

Irianto¹,

Fawzya²

2018

Med Res Innov

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Persistent inequalities in child undernutrition: evidence from 80 countries, from 1990 to today

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in Yemen: Role of adequate childcare provided by adults under conditions of food insecurity

Undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in Yemen: Role of adequate childcare provided by adults under conditions of food insecurity

Prognostic factors at birth for stunting at 24 months of age in rural Indonesia

FISH protein hydrolysates: Their potential application for prevention of stunting

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