Persistent current and the existence of a metallic phase flanked by two insulating phases in a quantum ring with both electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions

Magnetic response of non-interacting and interacting electrons in a Möbius strip

“…This is the so-called persistent current, an obvious demonstration of AB effect, and was first proposed by Büttiker et al 8 during early 80's. Following this pioneering work, substantial theoretical and experimental works [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] have been done along this line to understand different aspects of persistent current and other related issues in isolated conducting loops. In particular, the physics of quantum rings has always been the subject of intense research due to its potential applications in designing electronic, spintronic, optoelectronic and information processing devices.…”

“…These features are not discussed here as they are beyond the scope of our present work, and hopefully we will reproduce them in our forthcoming work. Now, the works involving flux-driven persistent current in isolated systems are mostly confined to simple loop geometries like single-channel rings, multi-channel cylinders, graphene rings, nanotubes, array of rings to name a few [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Whereas, very few works are available where twisted geometries have been taken into account.…”