Persistent circulation of Coxsackievirus A6 of genotype D3 in mainland of China between 2008 and 2015

Song, Yang; Zhang, Yong; Ji, Tianjiao; Gu, Xinrui; Yang, Qian; Zhu, Shuangli; Xu, Wen; Xu, Yi; Shi, Yong; Huang, Xueyong; Li, Qi; Deng, Hong; Wang, Xianjun; Yan, Dongmei; Yu, Wei; Wang, Shuang; Yu, Deshan; Xu, Wenbo

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05618-0

Cited by 69 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis of the partial VP1 region of 28 CV‐A6 strains from Yunnan, China, and representative strains showed that they were distributed in five lineages . The Yunnan strains belonged to lineage D3 (Figure ), indicating that there were no significant differences in the genotypic distributions of the CV‐A6 strains isolated from 2012 to 2016.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ongoing change of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease pathogens in Yunnan, China, 2012 to 2016

Zhao

Luo

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enteroviruses (EVs). In this study, a total of 341 children with serious HFMD were admitted to a pediatric hospital in Yunnan, China in 2012 to 2016. EVs were detected in 283 specimens (83.0%) and were assigned to 17 EV types. Enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) was predominant, accounting for 41.6%, and was followed by coxsackievirus A16 (CV‐A16; 18.8%), CV‐A6 (9.1%), CV‐A10 and E‐9 (2.9%), CV‐B5 (1.8%), CV‐A9 (1.2%), E‐30 (0.9%), E‐18, CV‐A4, C‐B3, and CV‐A2 (0.6%) and other EV types such as CV‐A8, CV‐A14, E‐14, E‐11, and CV‐B4 (0.3%). All of the EV‐A71 isolates belonged to C4a; the CV‐A16 belonged to B1b or B1a, although the B1b strains were predominant; and CV‐A6 belonged to D3. In 2012 to 2014, E‐9 was the third most frequent serotype (8.2%, 5.0%, and 6.5%, respectively). E‐9 was not detected in 2015 and 2016. CV‐A6 was not detected in 2012 but was the second most frequent serotype (25.3%) in 2015. Active etiological surveillance of HFMD makes it necessary to be aware of these emerging pathogens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ongoing change of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease pathogens in Yunnan, China, 2012 to 2016

Zhao

Luo

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Most of the CV-A6 isolates epidemic in China after 2012 belonged to the D3 sub-genotype, and clustered with the international isolates, the results revealed that D3 was the predominant sub-genotype circulated and spread in Europe and Asia during recent years. D3 sub-genotype may have strong transmission ability and virulence in the process of continuous circulating 41 , which lead to the outbreaks of HFMD in Europe, Southeast Asia and mainland of China. Shaanxi CV-A6 isolates (2020) 10:989 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57807-z www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ clustered with the D3 sub-genotype, and formed at least 3 small transmission chains, which co-evolved with the strains from Henan, Gansu, Sichuan, Shandong and Guangdong provinces of China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shaanxi Province, China, 2010–2016

Zheng

Shi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HfMD) is a common childhood illness caused by enteroviruses. We analyzed the pathogenic characteristics of HFMD in Shaanxi province, China, during 2010-2016. clinical samples were collected from HfMD cases. Real-time pcR and Rt-pcR were used to identify the enterovirus(EVs) serotypes. Viral RNA sequences were amplified using RT-PCR and compared by phylogenetic analysis. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze. A total of 16,832 HFMD positive cases were confirmed in the laboratory. EV-A71 and CV-A16 were the main pathogens in 2010. EV-A71 was the dominant pathogen in the periods of 2011 to 2012 and 2014, 2016. In 2013 and 2015, other EVs increased greatly, in which CV-A6 was the predominant pathogen. EV-A71 was more frequently detected in deaths and severe cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EV-A71 belonged to the C4a evolution branch of C4 sub-genotype and CV-A16 belonged to the B1a or B1b evolution branch of B1 sub-genotype, whereas CV-A6 strains were assigned to D2 or D3 sub-genotype. The pathogen spectrum of HFMD has changed in 7 years, and the major serotypes EV-A71, CV-A16 and CV-A6 alternated or co-circulated. Long-term surveillance and research of EVs should be strengthened for the prevention and control of HfMD. Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in children caused by human enterovirus (EV) 1-3. The main clinical manifestations of HFMD are fever, rash on the palms, soles, mouth and buttocks. Most HFMD patients have a good prognosis. A few patients may have complications such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, neurogenic pulmonary edema and myocarditis. Individual severe children may die due to exacerbations 3-5. Since the outbreak of HFMD in Anhui Province in March 2008 6 , there has been a widespread epidemic in mainland of China 7-9. It has become one of the main public health problems which seriously endanger the health of infants and young children. EVs belong to the family of Picornaviridae, enterovirus genus 10. A variety of EVs can cause HFMD. According to its gene and antigen characteristics, EVs can be divided into four species: EV-A, EV-B, EV-C, and EV-D. Human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) in EV-A species are generally considered to be the common and major pathogens causing HFMD 11-13. In recent years, however, more and more studies have shown that other EVs also play an important role in the outbreak or epidemic of HFMD 14-18. In particular, CV-A6 has replaced EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the main pathogen for the outbreak or epidemic of HFMD in mainland of China since 2012 19-21. The change of pathogen spectrum put forward a new challenge to the prevention and control of HFMD. In this study, we analyzed the pathogenic characteristics of HFMD in Shaanxi province during 2010-2016, and clarified the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum changes of HFMD. It could provide scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD in Shaanxi Province. Results P...

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“…El análisis filogenético de nuestro caso permitió determinar que se trataba del virus Coxsackie A6 subgenotipo D3 (también llamado sublinaje E2), que presentó alta homología a virus que circularon en Alemania, Polonia y Turquía en el año 2017. 12 Además, se pudo comprobar que se trataba del mismo subgenotipo que fue detectado en 2015 en las provincias de Chubut y San Luis de nuestro país. 13 Es crí t ico ident ificar los mecanismos subyacentes que dan forma al proceso evolutivo y la aparición de nuevos linajes de enterovirus causantes de la EMPB en países con alto endemismo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Genotipificación del virus de la enfermedad mano-pie-boca atípica en un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

et al. 2020

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Presentación de casos clínicos RESUMEN La enfermedad mano-pie-boca (EMPB) típica es exantemática, con sintomatología clásica de fiebre, exantema papulovesicular en las manos y los pies, asociada o no a herpangina. Es causada, principalmente, por enterovirus 71 y virus Coxsackie A16, miembros del género Enterovirus. En los últimos años, se han descrito brotes mundiales de EMPB con manifestaciones atípicas causadas, sobre todo, por el virus Coxsackie A6. La EMPB atípica se considera emergente con características clínicas y epidemiológicas peculiares: la afección de adultos, el predominio en invierno y un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas en la extensión y la distribución de las lesiones. Las características morfológicas de las lesiones son muy variables: pueden simular varicela, impétigo o vasculitis. Se describe el caso de un niño de 4 años con EMPB atípica. Se detalla su forma de presentación, evolución clínica, metodología diagnóstica y terapéutica empleada. Palabras clave: enfermedad de boca, mano y pie atípica, virus Coxsackie A6.

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Persistent circulation of Coxsackievirus A6 of genotype D3 in mainland of China between 2008 and 2015

Cited by 69 publications

References 44 publications

Ongoing change of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease pathogens in Yunnan, China, 2012 to 2016

Ongoing change of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease pathogens in Yunnan, China, 2012 to 2016

Pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shaanxi Province, China, 2010–2016

Genotipificación del virus de la enfermedad mano-pie-boca atípica en un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

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