Persistent bacterial colonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis and its association with alveolar bone loss after 6 months of therapy

Chaves, Eros; Jeffcoat, Marjorie K.; Ryerson, Carol C.; Snyder, Brian

doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027012897.x

Cited by 101 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…4). This result highlights the importance of the level of pathogen infection in alveolar bone resorption and is consistent with studies in humans that showed a correlation between the level of P. gingivalis infection in subgingival plaque and periodontal attachment loss (7,45,105). The final level of P. gingivalis infection in the LPS liposome-treated animals was ∼9-14% of the recoverable bacterial cell load, and this level still resulted in significant alveolar bone resorption (Fig.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 77%

Macrophage Depletion Abates Porphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Alveolar Bone Resorption in Mice

Lam

O'Brien-Simpson

Lenzo

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

114

140

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The role of the macrophage in the immunopathology of periodontitis has not been well defined. In this study, we show that intraoral inoculation of mice with Porphyromonas gingivalis resulted in infection, alveolar bone resorption, and a significant increase in F4/80+ macrophages in gingival and submandibular lymph node tissues. Macrophage depletion using clodronate-liposomes resulted in a significant reduction in F4/80+ macrophage infiltration of gingival and submandibular lymph node tissues and significantly (p < 0.01) less P. gingivalis–induced bone resorption compared with controls in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. In both mouse strains, the P. gingivalis–specific IgG Ab subclass and serum cytokine [IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12 (p70)] responses were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the macrophage-depleted groups. Macrophage depletion resulted in a significant reduction in the level of P. gingivalis infection, and the level of P. gingivalis infection was significantly correlated with the level of alveolar bone resorption. M1 macrophages (CD86+), rather than M2 macrophages (CD206+), were the dominant macrophage phenotype of the gingival infiltrate in response to P. gingivalis infection. P. gingivalis induced a significant (p < 0.01) increase in NO production and a small increase in urea concentration, as well as a significant increase in the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-α and -β, and TNF-α in isolated murine macrophages. In conclusion, P. gingivalis infection induced infiltration of functional/inflammatory M1 macrophages into gingival tissue and alveolar bone resorption. Macrophage depletion reduced P. gingivalis infection and alveolar bone resorption by modulating the host immune response.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 77%

Macrophage Depletion Abates Porphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Alveolar Bone Resorption in Mice

Lam

O'Brien-Simpson

Lenzo

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

114

140

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“…Antimicrobial chemotherapy may further suppress the periodontal pathogens and increase the benefits obtained by conventional mechanical treatment. Numerous systemic and local antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of periodontitis with various degrees of success (5,19,37,41). A lack of effectiveness of some of the antibiotics used may be due to development of drug-resistant strains (10,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an inflammatory process of periodontal tissues caused by bacterial infection which results in the destruction of periodontal connective tissue and resorption of alveolar bone. Porphyromonas gingivalis is believed to be one of the major pathogens in the etiology of adult periodontitis (5,37,38). Conventional mechanical debridement (i.e., scaling and root planing) can achieve a temporary decrease in the subgingival levels of P. gingivalis together with other pathogens (38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

Kömerik

Nakanishi

MacRobert

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

295

228

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major causative organisms of periodontitis and has been shown to be susceptible to toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vitro. The aims of the present study were to determine whether this technique could be used to kill the organism in the oral cavities of rats and whether this would result in a reduction in the alveolar bone loss characteristic of periodontitis. The maxillary molars of rats were inoculated with P. gingivalis and exposed to up to 48 J of 630-nm laser light in the presence of toluidine blue. The number of surviving bacteria was then determined, and the periodontal structures were examined for evidence of any damage. When toluidine blue was used together with laser light there was a significant reduction in the number of viable P. gingivalis organisms. No viable bacteria could be detected when 1 mg of toluidine blue per ml was used in conjunction with all light doses used. On histological examination, no adverse effect of photosensitization on the adjacent tissues was observed. In a further group of animals, after time was allowed for the disease to develop in controls, the rats were killed and the level of maxillary molar alveolar bone was assessed. The bone loss in the animals treated with light and toluidine blue was found to be significantly less than that in the control groups. The results of this study show that toluidine blue-mediated lethal photosensitization of P. gingivalis is possible in vivo and that this results in decreased bone loss. These findings suggest that photodynamic therapy may be useful as an alternative approach for the antimicrobial treatment of periodontitis.

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“…Antimicrobial chemotherapy may further suppress the periodontal pathogens and increase the benefits obtained by conventional mechanical treatment. Numerous systemic and local antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of periodontitis with various degrees of success 5,6,7) . The effectiveness of these approaches are comprised by patient motivation, manual dexterity and the development of drug-resistant strains 8,9) .…”

Section: Original Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal effect of visible light in the presence of erythrosine on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum compared with diode laser, an in vitro study

et al. 2014

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Persistent bacterial colonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis and its association with alveolar bone loss after 6 months of therapy

Abstract: These data indicated that, in this population, the presence of P. gingivalis in plaque after treatment might be indicative of progressive alveolar bone loss.

Cited by 101 publications

References 19 publications

Macrophage Depletion Abates Porphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Alveolar Bone Resorption in Mice

Macrophage Depletion Abates Porphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Alveolar Bone Resorption in Mice

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

Bactericidal effect of visible light in the presence of erythrosine on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum compared with diode laser, an in vitro study

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