Persistent Auditory Hallucinations and Their Relationship to Delusions and Mood

Persistent Auditory Hallucinations

“…Persistent hallucinators had a higher mean age than episodic hallucinators, but no signifi cant differences were found with regard to the age at onset. The mean age of the persistent patients in our study was slightly higher than in the studies by Falloon and Talbot [21] and Hustig and Hufner [9] . The small sizes of the samples, including ours, do not allow us to reach fi rm explanations on this issue.…”

“…There are few studies looking at the psychopathological characteristics of patients with PAH. Hustig and Hafner [9] in a sample of 12 schizophrenic patients with PAH and persistent paranoid delusions of at least a 2-year duration found a signifi cant association between the quality of AH and anxiety and depression. It is important for therapeutic purposes that clinicians can predict if patients are persistent hallucinators.…”

“…It is also known that, in an important proportion of psychotic patients, hallucinations persist despite neuroleptic treatment [9,21] . Miller [18] observed that, if medication did not fully eliminate voices, it caused them to be less intense, frequent and emotionally harmful.…”

Evaluation of a mentored self-help intervention for the management of psychotic symptoms

“…", noted all responses and addressed any negative responses; and finally (7) scheduled the next session. Chadwick, Birchwook and Trower (1996) recommended the TVRS -originally developed in Australia by Hustig and Hafner (1990) as part of a self-report questionnaire -in their manual on CBT as the "self-report measure we favour" to assess voice topography (p. 104). The TVRS consists of five five-point Likert scales each rating an aspect of voices experienced over the past few days: (1) frequency (very frequent to absent); (2) volume (very loud to very quiet); (3) clarity (very clear to very mumbled); (4) distress response (very distressing to very comforting), and (5) directiveness (very easy to ignore to compelling me to obey them).…”

“…The TVRS consists of five five-point Likert scales each rating an aspect of voices experienced over the past few days: (1) frequency (very frequent to absent); (2) volume (very loud to very quiet); (3) clarity (very clear to very mumbled); (4) distress response (very distressing to very comforting), and (5) directiveness (very easy to ignore to compelling me to obey them). The TVRS asks "Over the last few days my voices have been:" and the responder circles or checks the applicable rating on each of the five five-point scales provided (Chadwick, Birchwood & Trower, 1996;Hustig & Hafner, 1990).…”