Persistence of Subclinical Intrammary Pathogens in Goats Throughout Lactation

Contreras, A.; Corrales, J.C.; Sánchez, Antonio; Sierra, Daniel A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76245-3

Cited by 73 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Genera and species were typical of IMI in Murciano-Granadina goats in south-eastern Spain (Contreras et al 1997): Staphylococcus (xylosus, n = 4; caprae, n = 3; aureus, n = 1; chromogenes, n = 1; spp., n = 1), Streptococcus (n = 1), and Enterobacteriaceae (n = 1). Mastitis was subclinical in most cases; clinical cases (n = 2 glands) were caused by S. aureus (infecting one gland in a bilaterally infected goat) and by Bacillus Gram (infecting one gland in a unilaterally infected goat), according to Contreras et al (1997) and Poutrel et al *1 = glands from udder with both glands healthy, 2 = subclinically infected glands of unilaterally infected udders, 3 = healthy glands of unilaterally subclinically infected udders (each gland 2 had its contralateral gland in the group of glands 3), 4 = clinically infected gland of unilaterally infected udder, 5 = healthy gland of unilaterally clinically infected udder (the same animal as gland 4), 6 = clinically infected gland of bilaterally infected udder, 7 = subclinically infected gland of bilaterally clinically infected udder (the same animal as gland 6), 8 = subclinically infected glands of bilaterally subclinically infected udder, both glands of each bilaterally subclinically infected udder (1997) who reported a low prevalence of clinical mastitis in goats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goat mastitis detection using daily records of milk conductivity: comparative results of different algorithms

Romero¹,

Reinemann²,

Alejandro³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Milk electrical conductivity is employed for mastitis detection in cows due to its automation, low cost, and infection detectability at early stage. Nevertheless, the number of publications about its use in dairy goats is scarce. The aim of this study was to check and compare the detectability of goat mastitis (sensitivity and specificity) using different algorithms, constructed with individual daily conductivity data from glands, in order to improve the know how about the potential of this variable for goat mastitis detection. A total of 18 goats (8 primiparous and 10 multiparous) free of mastitis were used, and gland milk conductivity was daily monitored. After 16 days of monitoring, some unfavourable situations for gland health were simulated in order to increase the cases of infection. Once infection was established (9 goats and 12 glands got infected), the experiment continued for further 16 days. A total of 19 different algorithms that employed conductivity data from gland were designed; they were tested using gland milk conductivity (EC) and ratio of EC of collateral glands in the same goat (RAT EC ). The algorithms were tested in all the animals and intramammary infection detection ability characteristics (sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV)) were recorded. All clinical cases were detected (n = 2, 100% SENS) with all the algorithms. Best global SENS (clinical and subclinical, 33.3-58.3%) and SPEC (77.8-100%) were similar to results reported in previous studies in cows, and obtained with algorithms ARIMA and Rule 1 (3 standard deviations of data). The best algorithms to use in mastitis detection depend on the prevalence and type of mastitis. EC ARIMA and Rule 1 algorithms detected the most severe cases on-line and quickly, with a low proportion of false positives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goat mastitis detection using daily records of milk conductivity: comparative results of different algorithms

Romero¹,

Reinemann²,

Alejandro³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…where no treatments were given (Moroni et al, 2005). Similarly several CNS species persisted for up to 7 mo (Contreras et al, 1997). However, these studies were performed using phenotypic methods, which lack accuracy; therefore, interpretation and comparison should be done with care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intramammary infections with CNS may persist for extended periods of time, with the same isolate present for up to 7 mo (Contreras et al, 1997). Treatment of IMI may increase cure rate and result in a lower SCC and higher milk yields compared with no treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis in early lactation in dairy goats

McDougall¹,

Supré

Vliegher

et al. 2010

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of the study were to define the sensitivity and specificity of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) in determining the presence of intramammary infection in postpartum dairy goats and to determine whether antibiotic therapy increased bacteriological cure rate and lowered somatic cell count (SCC) compared with untreated controls. A CMT was performed and milk samples were collected for bacteriology from 211 glands of 106 does between 0 and 10 d after kidding. From a population of 3,239 glands from goats in 4 commercial herds, goats with one or both glands with a CMT score of >1 and from which bacteria were isolated were either assigned to be treated with 3 intramammary infusions at 12-h intervals of 75 mg of sodium ampicillin and 250 mg of sodium cloxacillin (n = 57 glands) or left as untreated controls (n = 49 glands). Milk samples were collected again 14 ± 3 and 21 ± 3 d later for bacteriology and SCC determination. Composite milk yield, goat SCC, length of lactation, and survival data were collected. A partial budget was constructed to assess the cost effectiveness of treatment. At a cut point of greater than trace, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the CMT were 0.74, 0.74, 0.42, and 0.92, respectively. Treatment increased the bacteriological cure rate compared with no treatment [30/57 (53%) vs. 6/49 (12%)], but there was a pathogen by treatment interaction whereby treatment increased cure proportion in glands infected with minor, but not major, pathogens. Treatment reduced the foremilk gland-level SCC [1,595 (95% CI = 1,106-2,300) vs. 3,028 (95% CI = 2,091-4,385) geometric mean (× 1,000) cells/mL] but not the SCC at goat level [1,596 (95% CI = 1,219-2,090) vs. 1,488 (95% CI = 1,132-1,955) geometric mean (× 1,000) cells/mL] compared with no treatment. Milk yield, risk of removal from the herd, and length of lactation were not altered by treatment. Treatment resulted in a loss of NZ$20.39/doe. It was concluded that use of the CMT as a screening test resulted in a higher likelihood of finding a gland that would be infected than selecting a gland at random. Treatment increased bacteriological cure rate and reduced SCC at gland level compared with no treatment. However, at goat level, milk yield, SCC, and survival were not altered, resulting in no economic benefit of treatment.

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“…Entretanto, apenas 37 (15,6%) apresentaram contagem maior ou igual a 5 UFC/0,01mL de leite (Contreras et al 1996). Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (SCN) foi identificado em 31 (83,8%) amostras, concordando com os resultados de estudos similares conduzidos no Brasil (Mota et al 2000, Muricy 2003) e em outros países (Hunter 1984, Lerondelle & Poutrel 1984, East et al 1987, Ryan & Greenwood 1990, Maisi & Riipinem 1991, Idrissi et al 1994, Contreras et al 1997, Poutrel et al 1997, White & Hinckley 1999, Winter & Baumgartner 1999. O predomínio de SCN poderia ser justificado pela presença destas bactérias na microbiota da pele e conjuntiva dos animais, particularmente no úbere de fêmeas leiteiras (Moroni et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Caracterização da mastite subclínica em caprinos produzidos em sistema orgânico no Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2009

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774Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(9):774-778, setembro 2009 RESUMO.-O leite e derivados são reconhecidos como veículos de patógenos para humanos, secundário a contaminação pós-ordenha ou de infecções do próprio animal, particularmente na mastite. Foi estudada a ocorrên-cia de mastite e aspectos do manejo em cabras de três propriedades criadas em sistema orgânico. O exame clí-nico da glândula mamária de 64 cabras em diferentes períodos de lactação, não acusou a presença de mastite clínica. Entretanto, o Califórnia Mastitis Test (CMT) identificou 54 (22,7%) metades mamárias reagentes (+ ou ++). Foram colhidas 238 amostras de leite, das quais houve isolamento bacteriano em 37 (15,6%). Em apenas oito amostras houve coincidência entre o isolamento bacteriano e o resultado do CMT, indicando sensibilidade de 21,6% para este teste no diagnóstico de mastite subclíni-ca em caprinos. Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN) foi o microrganismo mais freqüente (83,8%). O teste de sensibilidade microbiana in vitro revelou resistência das linhagens de SCN ao cotrimoxazol (50%), ampicilina (48,1%), nitrofurantoína (7,7%), cefaclor (7,14%) e oxacilina (3,85%). Cefalotina, gentamicina, neomicina, estreptomicina e tetraciclina foram os antimicrobianos mais efetivos frente aos isolados. Não se evidenciou relação en- Milk and derivates are recognized as vehicle of different pathogens for humans. These micoorganisms may manifest as post-milking contamination or as in infections in the animal itself, particularly in mastitis. The aim of present study was characterizes the occurrence of mastitis and management aspects in dairy-goats raised in three farms of organic milk. The correlation between mastitis and goat husbandry was also investigated. The clinical exam of the mammary glands of 64 dairy-goats did not reveal the presence of clinical mastitis. Nevertheless, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) identified 54 (22.7%) reactive mammary halves (+ or ++). From 238 milk samples collected, 37 (15.6%) were positive for bacterial isolates. Coincident positive results for bacterial isolate tests and CMT were observed in only eight samples, which indicate a sensitivity index of 21.6% for the caprine subclinical mastitis diagnosis test. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified as the most frequent pathogen in milk samples (83.8%). The in vitro sensitivity test revealed CNS strains resistant to cotrimoxazole (50%), ampicillin (48.1%), nitrofurantoine (7.7%), cefaclor (7.14%), and oxacilline (3.85%). Cefalotine, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were the most effective drugs. No correlation was observed between the occurrence of subclinical mastitis and race, lactation period, drinking water quality in farms, or milking system as adopted in the present study.

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Persistence of Subclinical Intrammary Pathogens in Goats Throughout Lactation

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Goat mastitis detection using daily records of milk conductivity: comparative results of different algorithms

Goat mastitis detection using daily records of milk conductivity: comparative results of different algorithms

Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis in early lactation in dairy goats

Caracterização da mastite subclínica em caprinos produzidos em sistema orgânico no Rio Grande do Sul

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