Persistence of rat parvovirus in athymic rats

Gaertner, Diane J.; Jacoby, Robert O.; Smith, Abigail L.; Ardito, R. B.; Paturzo, Frank X.

doi:10.1007/bf01311362

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We subsequently found that some rats inoculated with RV by the oronasal route at 2 days of age harbored infection for at least 6 months and excreted virus for up to 11 weeks, well after the onset of antiviral immunity (32). Susceptibility to persistent infection appeared to be age dependent, since randomly bred rats inoculated as young adults with the Yale strain of RV (RV-Y) rarely remained infected for more than 4 weeks unless they were immunodeficient (25,32).…”

Section: The Results Demonstrate That Vasculotropism Is a Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary studies of athymic rats demonstrated that T-cell-mediated immunity is essential to eliminate infection (25) and that humoral immunity alone suppresses but does not eliminate preexisting infection (23). These and other results (32) also indicated that mature tissues contain cells susceptible to infection, but they did not confirm the distribution or replication status of virus during persistent infection or explore further the role of host immunity.…”

Section: The Results Demonstrate That Vasculotropism Is a Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All rats were housed in microisolette cages under barrier conditions (25). Dams tested prior to inoculation did not have serum antibodies to RV, rat parvovirus, rat coronaviruses, Sendai virus, pneumonia virus of mice, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, or Mycoplasma pulmonis.…”

Section: The Results Demonstrate That Vasculotropism Is a Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Jacoby

Johnson

Paturzo

et al. 2000

J Virol

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Rat virus (RV) infection can cause disease or disrupt responses that rely on cell proliferation. Therefore, persistent infection has the potential to amplify RV interference with research. As a step toward determining underlying mechanisms of persistence, we compared acute and persistent RV infections in infant euthymic and athymic rats inoculated oronasally with the University of Massachusetts strain of RV. Rats were assessed by virus isolation, in situ hybridization, and serology. Selected tissues also were analyzed by Southern blotting or immunohistochemistry. Virus was widely disseminated during acute infection in rats of both phenotypes, whereas vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) were the primary targets during persistent infection. The prevalence of virus-positive cells remained moderate to high in athymic rats through 8 weeks but decreased in euthymic rats by 2 weeks, coincident with seroconversion and perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells. Virus-positive pneumocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells also were detected through 8 weeks, implying that kidney and lung excrete virus during persistent infection. Viral mRNA was detected in SMC of both phenotypes through 8 weeks, indicating that persistent infection includes virus replication. However, only half of the SMC containing viral mRNA at 4 weeks stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a protein expressed in cycling cells. The results demonstrate that vasculotropism is a significant feature of persistent infection, that virus replication continues during persistent infection, and that host immunity reduces, but does not eliminate, infection.Rat virus (RV) is a common virus of laboratory rats and the prototype virus for the family Parvoviridae (29, 35). It is one of three parvovirus serotypes which infect rats; the others are H-1 virus (54) and rat parvovirus (4). RV can disrupt research by causing disease or distorting biological responses in laboratory rats (53). These effects have been attributed to the proclivity of autonomous parvoviruses for mitotically active cells (18). RV infection in fetal and infant rats, which have numerous cycling cells, can lead to severe tissue necrosis and clinical morbidity (30, 34). The preference of RV for mitotically active cells is also thought to account for its ability to distort responses dependent on cell proliferation, including suppression of tumor growth (7) and immune responses to transplantable neoplasms (13) and tissue alloantigens (40).The risks to biomedical research from RV are heightened by the persistence of infection after the onset of antiviral immunity. A capacity for persistence was suspected from a early study of RV which demonstrated infectious virus in immune rats (50). We subsequently found that some rats inoculated with RV by the oronasal route at 2 days of age harbored infection for at least 6 months and excreted virus for up to 11 weeks, well after the onset of antiviral immunity (32). Susceptibility to persistent infection appeared to be age dependent, since randomly bred ...

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Section: The Results Demonstrate That Vasculotropism Is a Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Results Demonstrate That Vasculotropism Is a Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Jacoby

Johnson

Paturzo

et al. 2000

J Virol

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“…Infections may result in clinical disease and pathological changes, especially in perinatal and immunodeficient animals [3,12,18,32,33,35,37]. Furthermore, some microor-ganisms indigenous to laboratory animal species are zoonotic agents that have caused disease in humans [1,8,17,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Surveillance of Specific Pathogen-Free and Conventionally-Housed Mice and Rats in Korea

et al. 2005

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“…To investigate further the role of passive immunity in modulating RV infection, athymic and euthymic rats were challenged with RV before, during or after passive immunization. Athymic rats were included because they are more susceptible to RV-induced disease and persistent infection and do not develop humoral immunity to RV [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of lethal and persistent rat parvovirus infection by antibody

Gaertner

Jacoby

Paturzo

et al. 1991

Archives of Virology

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Two day-old athymic (rnu/rnu) and euthymic (rnu/+) rat pups nursing immune or non-immune dams were inoculated oronasally with the Yale strain of rat virus (RV-Y). All athymic and euthymic pups (57/57) from immune dams remained clinically normal, whereas 51 of 66 athymic and euthymic pups from non-immune dams died within 30 days. Infectious RV was detected by explant culture in 12 of 15 surviving pups of both genotypes from non-immune dams 30 days after inoculation, but in none of the 57 surviving pups from immune dams. RV-Y DNA was detected by Southern blotting in kidneys of surviving athymic pups from non-immune dams but was not detected in pups from immune dams. Euthymic pups from immune dams appeared not to produce endogenous antibody to RV after virus challenge, whereas euthymic pups from non-immune dams produced high-titered RV immune serum. Pups of both genotypes given immune serum prior to or with RV were fully protected from disease and persistent infection, whereas pups given immune serum 24 hours after RV were partially protected. These studies show that RV antibody offers significant protection against lethal and persistent RV infection.

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Persistence of rat parvovirus in athymic rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Health Surveillance of Specific Pathogen-Free and Conventionally-Housed Mice and Rats in Korea

Modulation of lethal and persistent rat parvovirus infection by antibody

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