Persistence of parathion in six California soils under laboratory conditions

Iwata, Yutaka; Westlake, W. E.; Günther, F. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02030147

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In temperate regions, pesticide residues have been found in detectable amounts in soils after 50 years of application, but detection is limited to shorter periods in the tropics [8,9]. Hill and other workers reported that the persistence of pesticides depends on such factors as, formulation in which the chemical is applied, the mode of application, the type of pesticide applied, the geographical location, temperature, moisture, soil organic matter, soil pH, clay content, the type of soil and microbial activity [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Lindane and propuxur residues in the top soils of some cocoa growing areas in five districts of the Central Region of Ghana</b>

Bentum

Essumang

Dodoo

2006

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. Lindane and propoxur residues in some topsoil samples from five cocoa growing districts in the Central Region of Ghana have been determined. Ten soil samples were taken randomly at a depth of 0-10 cm from pre-selected farms in each district. Some physical and chemical properties of the soils were determined. The pesticide residues were extracted from 50 g of topsoil by continuous Soxhlet extraction using a (1:1 v/v) acetone-chloroform mixture for six hours. Clean up of the extract was done by liquid-liquid partitioning and column chromatography using alumina and silica gel adsorbents. The pesticide residues were finally analysed by gaschromatography using 63 Ni electron capture detector (ECD) and flame ionization detector (FID) for lindane and propoxur, respectively. Lindane and propoxur pesticide residues were found to be present in all the soils to which these pesticides had already been applied. Generally, lindane residues occurred in greater amounts than propoxur. The concentrations of lindane ranged from 2.1 to 15.4 mg kg -1 and propoxur from 1.71 to 7.95 mg kg -1. Both the extracted lindane and propoxur residues correlated negatively with pH, cation exchange capacity, moisture content, and organic carbon. Propoxur correlated positively with the amount of clay but there was no significant correlation between the amount of clay and the extracted lindane concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Lindane and propuxur residues in the top soils of some cocoa growing areas in five districts of the Central Region of Ghana</b>

Bentum

Essumang

Dodoo

2006

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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“…Similarly, rapid degradation of parathion was noticed in Indian rice soils under Hooded conditions (SETHUNATHAN 1973 b). In contrast, IWATA et al (1973) showed accelerated degradation of parathion, upon Hooding, only in one out of three soils tried. Perhaps the effect of s.oil moisture on the degradation rates of parathion in soils is regulated by the pathways (nitro group reduction/hydrolysis) and means (chemical/ microbiological) of its breakdown.…”

Section: B) Degradationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…was in reality parathion (STEWART et al 1971). Subsequently, CHISHOLM andMACPHEE (1972) observed that 0.2 kg/ha of parathion remained intact even 16 years after the last application in soil samples taken from the plots that received a total of 176 kg/ha of parathion during 1949-1953. IWATA et al (1973 studied the persistence of parathion in six California soils and concluded that long-term, low-level residues could occur in the soils depending on soil type.…”

Section: Stability In Soil A) Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LICHTENSTEIN and SCHULZ (1964) provided experimental evidence by linking the formation of aminoparathion in soils with the proliferation of yeasts. Degradation in Madera sandy soil Hooded with water showed an initial lag followed by a logarithmic rate of breakdown indicating the participation of microorganisms, perhaps algae (IWATA et al 1973). NAUMANN (1970) reported that several groups of soil microorganisms can proliferate in soils by utilising parathion and methyl parathion.…”

Section: B) Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to SETHUNATHAN (1973 b), the persistence of parathion in Hooded soils was inversely related to native soil organic matter content, but IWATA et al (1973) found that parathion disappeared at a faster rate from the soils with lower organic matter content under both flooded and nonflooded conditions. Added organic sources influenced the persistence of parathion in a flooded soil depending on the metabolic pathway involved.…”

Section: B) Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Parathion: Residues in soil and water

Sethunathan

Siddaramappa

Rajaram

et al. 1977

Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment

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Aerobic soil metabolism of flupyrazofos

et al. 1998

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: To elucidate the fate of Ñupyrazofos [O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-triÑuoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl)phosphorothionate] in soil, an aerobic soil metabolism study was carried out for 60 days with [14C]Ñupyrazofos applied at a concentration of 0É38 lg g~1 to a loamy soil. The material balance ranged from 103É5% to 86É9% and the half-life of [14C]Ñupyrazofos was calculated to be 13É6 days. The metabolites identiÐed during the study were 1-phenyl-3-triÑuoromethyl-5-hydroxypyrazole (PTMHP) and O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-triÑuoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl)phosphate (Ñupyrazofos oxon), with maximum levels of 9É8% and 1É6% of applied radiocarbon, respectively. Evolved [14C]carbon dioxide accounted for up to 5É3% of applied radiocarbon and no volatile products were detected during the study. Non-extractable 14C-residue reached 31É6% of applied material at 60 days after treatment and radiocarbon was distributed almost evenly in humin, humic acid and fulvic acid fraction. (

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Persistence of parathion in six California soils under laboratory conditions

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

<b>Lindane and propuxur residues in the top soils of some cocoa growing areas in five districts of the Central Region of Ghana</b>

<b>Lindane and propuxur residues in the top soils of some cocoa growing areas in five districts of the Central Region of Ghana</b>

Parathion: Residues in soil and water

Aerobic soil metabolism of flupyrazofos

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