Parathion: Residues in soil and water

Sethunathan, N.; Siddaramappa, R.; Rajaram, Krithika; Barik, S.; Wahid, P. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6355-5_4

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The relative degradation rates of parathion and its oxygen analog, paraoxon, support this assertion. Under basic conditions, the oxon degradation rate was 7‐ to 10‐fold faster than the thion degradation rate, while the reaction rates under neutral conditions were more comparable, with the oxon half‐life being about 30% longer than the thion (data reviewed in Sethunathan et al [16]). In the absence of data for chlorpyrifos oxon, it is assumed that the hydrolysis rate of the oxon is the same as the thion, although this may be a conservative underestimate of the oxon reactivity.…”

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

General fugacity‐based model to predict the environmental fate of multiple chemical species

Cahill

Cousins

Mackay

2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A general multimedia environmental fate model is presented that is capable of simulating the fate of up to four interconverting chemical species. It is an extension of the existing equilibrium criterion (EQC) fugacity model, which is limited to single-species assessments. It is suggested that multispecies chemical assessments are warranted when a degradation product of a released chemical is either more toxic or more persistent than the parent chemical or where there is cycling between species, as occurs with association, disassociation, or ionization. The model is illustratively applied to three chemicals, namely chlorpyrifos, pentachlorophenol, and perfluorooctane sulfonate, for which multispecies assessments are advisable. The model results compare favorably with field data for chlorpyrifos and pentachlorophenol, while the perfluorooctane sulfonate simulation is more speculative due to uncertainty in input parameters and the paucity of field data to validate the predictions. The model thus provides a tool for assessing the environmental fate and behavior of a group of chemicals that hitherto have not been addressed by evaluative models such as EQC.

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Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

General fugacity‐based model to predict the environmental fate of multiple chemical species

Cahill

Cousins

Mackay

2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…3-methyl-4-NPh, 4, 6-dinitro-ocresol, parathion-methyl, fenitrothion are examples of compounds containing the 4-NPh intermediate and they are used in vegetation (wheat, corn and potatoes). These compounds enter the surface of water and sedimentations and they are able to easily persist in water [39]. These derivatives of 4-NPh are without problems soluble in drinking water [40].…”

Section: The Major Uses Of 4-nphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nitrophenol by Using Graphene Based Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes: A Mini Review

Prabakaran

Pillay

2021

Nanoarchitectonics

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This article describes the fabrication of electrochemical devices for the detection of a key environmental pollutant, 4-Nitrophenol (4-NPh). 4-NPh is a requirement for the synthesis of organophosphate pesticides. These pesticides are mostly used in the agricultural sector to obtain a high yield of agricultural products. The use of 4-NPh in the agricultural field results in poisonous levels of this compound in the soil and water. Different techniques have been used for its transformation by biological and chemical degradation. However, these strategies not only created highly toxic pollutant but also need fast operation and time consuming processes. In this background, we have reported a broad and efficient review of the electrochemical reduction of 4-NPh as a feasible alternate method. In this review paper, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), N-doped graphene oxide, functionalized graphene oxide, metallic nanoparticles coated graphene oxide, metal oxides covered on rGO, polymer functionalized graphene oxide and hybrids materials functionalized with graphene oxide (hydroxyl apatite and β-cyclodextrin) which have been fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to enhance the electrocatalytic reduction and increase the sensor activity of 4-NPh are discussed. We have also described the effects of a few interfering phenolic pollutants such as aminophenol, hydroquinone, o-nitrophenol (o-NPh), trinitrotoluene, trinitrophenol, 2, 4-dinitrophenol (4-DNPh) and nitrobenzene. In the paper, easy and more effective electrochemical methods for the detection of 4-NPh with graphene- based nanocomposites modified on GCE for 4-NPh detection are summarized and discussed.

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“…Embora os processos de degradação fotoquímicos e biológicos sejam diferentes, os fotoprodutos paraoxon, aminofenol e p-nitrofenol são os mesmos. De acordo com Barik e Sethunathan 20 e Sethunathan et al 24 , o paraoxon é resultado da oxidação do grupo fosforotioato. Já o p-nitrofenol e aminofenol são espécies resultantes da hidrólise do grupo fosfato.…”

Section: Influência Do Meio Na Degradação Do Paration Em áGuas Naturaisunclassified

Influência do meio reacional no comportamento fotoquímico do inseticida paration etílico

Santos¹,

Rezende²

2002

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 1/3/01; aceito em 9/5/01 INFLUENCE OF REACTION MEAN IN THE BEHAVIOR PHOTOCHEMICAL OF INSECTICIDE ETHYL PARATHION. The photodegradation of parathion in natural and dezionised waters was studied under irradiation at two different wavelengths: 280 nm and 313 nm. The influence of humic acids was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the degradation occurred only due to photochemical processes. The chemical hydrolysis and biological processes can be neglected in this case. The addition of humic acids did not increase the photodegradation rate in either water samples (natural or dezionised). In alkaline solutions the photodegradation rate was higher in dezionised water when compared to natural waters. The kinetic degradation in all experiments obeyed a first order reaction pattern.

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Parathion: Residues in soil and water

Cited by 21 publications

References 78 publications

General fugacity‐based model to predict the environmental fate of multiple chemical species

General fugacity‐based model to predict the environmental fate of multiple chemical species

Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nitrophenol by Using Graphene Based Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes: A Mini Review

Influência do meio reacional no comportamento fotoquímico do inseticida paration etílico

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