Persistence of nerve sprouting with features of synapse remodelling in soleus muscles of adult mice

Wernig, A.; Carmody, John; Anzil, A. P.; Hansert, E.; Marciniak, M; Zucker, Howard D.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90227-6

Cited by 71 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Additional evidence for the continuous remodelling of the neuromuscular junction comes from studying changes in the arborization of nerve endings within synaptic sites (e.g. Cardasis & Pedykula, 1981;Fahim & Robbins, 1982;Wernig, Pecot-Dechavassine & Stover, 1980;Wernig, Carmody, Anzil, Hansert, Marciniak & Zucker, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transneuronal induction of sprouting and synapse formation in intact mouse muscles.

Rotshenker¹,

Tal²

1985

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The pattern of innervation to intact peroneal and extensor digitorum longus muscles of normal and experimental young adult mice was studied by light microscopy after staining neuromuscular junctions by a combined silver-cholinesterase stain.2. Spontaneous sprouting and synapse formation occur in intact muscles of normal mice. In about 7 % of the junctions, sprouts contribute to the innervation of muscle fibres already innervated by their parent axons. 3. Axotomy of the sciatic nerve in one hind limb is followed by an average 3-fold increase over normal in the incidence ofsprouting and synapse formation in the intact muscles of the opposite hind limb.4. The time to onset of sprouting and synapse formation becomes shorter as the site of the contralateral axotomy is placed closer to the spinal cord. A significant increase over normal in the incidence of sprouting is first observed 5 days after a proximal sciatic nerve cut and only 12 days after a distal sciatic nerve cut.5. The timing of sprouting is independent of the difference in the number of axons that are involved in the contralateral axotomies at different sites.6. These findings suggest that, in the intact muscles of normal mice, sprouting and synapse formation is an ongoing process which can be enhanced by contralateral axotomy. As in frogs (Rotshenker, 1979(Rotshenker, , 1982) the underlying mechanism may be the transneuronal induction of sprouting and synapse formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transneuronal induction of sprouting and synapse formation in intact mouse muscles.

Rotshenker¹,

Tal²

1985

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Studies on animal muscles (Barker and Ip, 1966;Wernig et al, 1984) determined that the presence of multiple MEPs may be due to MEP regeneration. This was observed in 8.1% of the investigated fibers (Barker and Ip, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human facial muscles: Dimensions, motor endplate distribution, and presence of muscle fibers with multiple motor endplates

et al. 1997

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Background: Extrafusal muscle fibers of human striated skeletal muscles are known to have a uniform innervation pattern. Motor endplates (MEP) of the ''en plaque'' type are located near the center of muscle fibers and distributed within the muscles in a narrow band. The aim of this study was to evaluate the innervation pattern of human facial muscles and compare it with that of skeletal muscles.Methods: Ten facial muscles from 11 human cadavers were dissected, the nerve entrance points located, and the dimensions measured. All muscles were stained in toto for MEPs using Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and examined under the microscope to determine their location. Single muscle fibers were teased to evaluate the stained MEPs.Results: The length of the different facial muscles varied from 29 to 65 mm, which correlated to the length of the corresponding muscle fibers. MEP zones were found on the muscles in the immediate vicinity of the nerves' entrance points and located eccentrically. Numbers and locations varied from muscle to muscle. Three MEP zone distribution patterns were differentiated: numerous small MEP zones were evenly spread over the muscle, a predominant MEP zone and two to three small zones were spread at random, and two to four MEP zones of equal size were randomly scattered.One MEP of the ''en plaque'' type was found in 73.8% of the muscle fibers and two to five MEPs were found in 26.2%. The distances between the multiple MEPs on one muscle fiber varied from 10 to 500 µm.Conclusions: This study suggests that facial muscles differ from skeletal muscles regarding distribution and number of MEPs. The eccentric location of MEP zones and multiple MEPs suggests there is an independent mechanism of neural regulation in the facial muscle system. Anat.

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“…The plasticity of synaptic sites (see below) exerts an additional, undetermined effect on the synaptic frequencies observed at any one time. If individual synaptic sites turn over in the adult, as has been argued in Musca for the feedback synapse of L2 (Kral and Meinertzhagen, 1989) and as is widely mooted (e.g., Wernig, Carmody, Anzil, Hansert, Marciniak, and Zucker, 1984), although not invariably found (e.g., Lichtman, Margrassi, and Purves, 19871, in the remodeling of neuromuscular junctions, the survival of different synaptic types may be variably susceptible to visual experience.…”

Section: The Organization Of the Cartridge In The Fly's Laminamentioning

confidence: 91%

Fly photoreceptor synapses: Their development, evolution, and plasticity

Meinertzhagen

1989

J. Neurobiol.

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Recent studies are reviewed on the synapses of photoreceptor terminals in the first optic neuropile of the flies, Musca and Drosophila. Afferent synaptic contacts are of uniform dimensions; they have a postsynaptic tetrad with a membrane organization of P-face particles, resembling other inhibitory synapses. A distributed population of such contact sites forms progressively during synaptogenesis by the selective, sequential accretion of identified postsynaptic elements at the receptor terminal. The comparative anatomy of this synapse indicates that elements have also been added during its phylogeny from an ancestral dyad. All cells are homologs of those in other species of Diptera. The number of synaptic sites is regulated by both pre- and postsynaptic cells, in proportion to their cell surfaces; an independent size increase in the receptor terminals (procured in the Drosophila mutant gigas) produces an increase in their synaptic population. The number of sites declines with age, however, accompanied by an increase in size of those synaptic sites remaining; this occurs for both afferent and feedback photoreceptor synapses. Lastly, the number of sites changes with visual experience; the frequency of feedback synapses is larger following dark rearing during early adult life than following visual experience.

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Persistence of nerve sprouting with features of synapse remodelling in soleus muscles of adult mice

Cited by 71 publications

References 14 publications

The transneuronal induction of sprouting and synapse formation in intact mouse muscles.

The transneuronal induction of sprouting and synapse formation in intact mouse muscles.

Human facial muscles: Dimensions, motor endplate distribution, and presence of muscle fibers with multiple motor endplates

Fly photoreceptor synapses: Their development, evolution, and plasticity

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