Persistence of Intraluminal Thrombus Makes Saccular Aneurysm More Biologically Active than Fusiform in an Experimental Rat Model

Etienne, Harry; Journé, Clément; Rouchaud, Aymeric; Sénémaud, Jean; Louedec, Liliane; Pellenc, Quentin; Coscas, Raphaël; Gouya, Laurent; Dupont, Sébastien; Michel, Jean‐Baptiste

doi:10.1159/000506159

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Myeloperoxidase, which is partially released by activated platelets, was localized both on the surface of and inside platelets. Etienne et al found that myeloperoxidase was significantly elevated in experimental saccular aneurysms compared with fusiform aneurysms in a decellularized xenograft model in rats [ 70 ], and it caused oxidative damage by producing superoxide in a chronic remodel of AAA [ 71 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Platelet Activation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

2022

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal vascular disease that involves complex multifactorial hemodynamic, thrombotic, inflammatory, and aortic wall remodeling processes. However, its mechanisms are incompletely understood. It has become increasingly clear that platelets are involved in pathological processes of vascular diseases beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelet activation with membrane receptors and secreted mediators promotes thrombus formation and the accumulation of inflammatory cells, which may play an important role in the development of AAA by destroying the structural integrity and stability of the vessel wall. Turbulent blood flow in aortic aneurysms promotes platelet activation and aggregation. Platelet count and heterogeneity are important predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic indicators of AAA. We summarize the relationship between platelet activation and AAA development and propose future research directions and possible clinical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Platelet Activation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

2022

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“…In a rat xenograft model, Etienne et al 50 created saccular or fusiform aneurysms. They showed that saccular aneurysms had lower inflow velocities, greater vortex flow, and thicker ILT, when assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, compared with fusiform aneurysms.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Hemodynamics Of Iltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraluminal thrombus: Innocent bystander or factor in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis?

Boyd

2021

JVS-Vascular Science

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Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) represent a complex multifactorial hemodynamic, thrombotic, and inflammatory process that can ultimately result in aortic rupture and death. Despite improved screening and surgical management of AAAs, the mortality rates have remained high after rupture, and little progress has occurred in the development of nonoperative treatments. Intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is present in most AAAs and might be involved in AAA pathogenesis. The present review examined the latest clinical and experimental evidence for possible involvement of the ILT in AAA growth and rupture. Methods A literature review was performed after a search of the PubMed database from 2012 to June 2020 using the terms “abdominal aortic aneurysm” and “intraluminal thrombus.” Results The structure, composition, and hemodynamics of ILT formation and propagation were reviewed in relation to the hemostatic and proteolytic factors favoring ILT deposition. The potential effects of the ILT on AAA wall degeneration and rupture, including a review of the current controversies regarding the position, thickness, and composition of ILT, are presented. Although initially potentially protective against increased wall stress, increasing evidence has shown that an increased volume and greater age of the ILT have direct detrimental effects on aortic wall integrity, which might predispose to an increased rupture risk. Conclusions ILT does not appear to be an innocent bystander in AAA pathophysiology. However, its exact role remains elusive and controversial. Despite computational evidence of a possible protective role of the ILT in reducing wall stress, increasing evidence has shown that the ILT promotes AAA wall degeneration in humans and in animal models. Further research, with large animal models and with more chronic ILT is crucial for a better understanding of the role of the ILT in AAAs and for the potential development of targeted therapies to slow or halt AAA progression.

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“…This is the case for contractions following ineffective extrasystoles, 7 or exercise, which causes an increase in catecholamine levels. Aneurysms (eg, intracranial saccular aneurysms) are characterized by bidirectional intrasaccular blood flow and shear force 18 that induce endothelial dysfunction, and thrombus formation within the lumen, but also enhanced retention of gadolinium within the saccular wall, reflecting a significant increase in permeability. 19 The luminal surface of the endothelium is coated in a jelly-like protective layer or filter-the glycocalyx-composed of proteoglycans that are particularly rich in glycosaminoglycans.…”

Section: Adjustable Barrier Function Of the Arterial Endotheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductance Artery Wall Layers and Their Respective Roles in the Clearance Functions

Michel

Lagrange

Régnault

et al. 2022

ATVB

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Evolutionary organization of the arterial wall into layers occurred concomitantly with the emergence of a highly muscularized, pressurized arterial system that facilitates outward hydraulic conductance and mass transport of soluble substances across the arterial wall. Although colliding circulating cells disperse potential energy within the arterial wall, the different layers counteract this effect: (1) the endothelium ensures a partial barrier function; (2) the media comprises smooth muscle cells capable of endocytosis/phagocytosis; (3) the outer adventitia and perivascular adipocytic tissue are the final receptacles of convected substances. While the endothelium forms a physical and a biochemical barrier, the medial layer is avascular, relying on the specific permeability properties of the endothelium for metabolic support. Different components of the media interact with convected molecules: medial smooth muscle cells take up numerous molecules via scavenger receptors and are capable of phagocytosis of macro/micro particles. The outer layers—the highly microvascularized innervated adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue—are also involved in the clearance functions of the media: the adventitia is the seat of immune response development, inward angiogenesis, macromolecular lymphatic drainage, and neuronal stimulation. Consequently, the clearance functions of the arterial wall are physiologically essential, but also may favor the development of arterial wall pathologies. This review describes how the walls of large conductance arteries have acquired physiological clearance functions, how this is determined by the attributes of the endothelial barrier, governed by endocytic and phagocytic capacities of smooth muscle cells, impacting adventitial functions, and the role of these clearance functions in arterial wall diseases.

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Persistence of Intraluminal Thrombus Makes Saccular Aneurysm More Biologically Active than Fusiform in an Experimental Rat Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Targeting Platelet Activation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Targeting Platelet Activation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Intraluminal thrombus: Innocent bystander or factor in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis?

Conductance Artery Wall Layers and Their Respective Roles in the Clearance Functions

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