Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Antibody up to 8 Months Post-COVID-19

Bichara, Carlos David Araújo; Amoras, Ednelza S. G.; Vaz, Gergiane Lopes; Bichara, Cléa Nazaré Carneiro; Amaral, Isabella P. C. Amaral; Vallinoto, Antônio Carlos Rosário

doi:10.4236/crcm.2021.109029

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…IgM seropositivity was found to be correlating with a symptom duration (Štěpánek et al, 2022). Moreover, the long-term persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies was recently reported by Bichara and colleagues (2021), who observed a long 8-months persistence of the IgM antibodies after COVID-19 infection in two patients. The prolonged persistence of anti-viral IgM antibodies was described after different acute viral infections and live viral vaccines: the Japanese encephalitis live vaccine (Hills et al, 2021), acute hepatitis A infection (Kao et al, 1984), dengue virus infection (Chien et al, 2018), Zika virus > 2 years (Griffin et al 2019), yellow fever virus vaccine > 3-4 years (Gibney et al, 2012), and in cerebrospinal liquid and blood of patients after West Nile virus infection (Kapoora et al, 2004; Roehrig et al, 2003; Papa et al, 2011; Murray et al, 2013) in some cases up to 8 years after infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Association of Lung Fibrotic Changes and Cardiological Dysfunction with Hypertension in Long COVID-19 cohort

Tauyekelova¹,

Kalila²,

Bakhtiyar³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background. Long COVID-19 symptoms appeared in many COVID-19 survivors. However, the prevalence and symptoms associated with long COVID and its comorbidities have not been established. Methods. Between May and September 2020 we included 312 patients with post-COVID-19 from 21 primary care centers if they had any persistent symptoms for at least three months from the first onset of the disease. On the 6 months follow up, their lung function was assessed by CT and spirometry, whereas cardiac function was assessed by electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter ECG, Echocardiography, and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. A six-minute test (6MWT) was conducted on 308 participants during the follow-up visit. All participants were given a questionnaire with items on demographic information, current complaints, comorbidities, and medications, and Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using R vs. 4.1.2. Two-group comparison of continuous variables was performed using a T-test for normally distributed data, and the Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for multiple comparisons following with Tukey and Dunn tests as post-hoc methods. Hochberg p-value adjustment was used to reduce the false discovery rate during multiple comparisons. Categorical variables were analyzed with Fishers Exact test. Results. Of 312 persons investigated, there was no significant gender difference between post-COVID-19 clinical manifestations except for memory dysfunction and anxiety, more prevalent among female participants. Chalder Fatigue Score was predominant in female participants (243, 78%). 39 (12.5%) participants reported having type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 158 (50.64%) had hypertension. Among the tested parameters, those positively correlated with comorbid conditions include age, BMI, D-dimers, NT-proBNP, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, fasting glucose, and HbA1c; hypertension also shows three associations that were not found in patients when examining the role of diabetes: increased hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and ferritin. 24-hour blood pressure monitoring revealed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and elevated NT-proBNP in participants with hypertension and subjects with type 2 diabetes. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is more frequently present in patients with hypertension. Chest CT was conducted on 227 (72.8%) participants 5.8+/-0.9 months after the onset of COVID-19. The most common registered CT abnormality was chronic bronchitis (198, 87.2%), followed by fibrotic changes in (83, 36.6%) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (23, 10.1%). Immunological test results showed that SARS-CoV19 IgG antibodies were present in 241 subjects (77.2%), and SARS-CoV19 IgM antibodies were present in 9 subjects (2.88%). Conclusions. Our study provides valuable clues for long-term post-sequelae in a cohort of the Long COVID-19 subjects. We demonstrated a strong association of signs of cardiac dysfunction, lung fibrotic changes, increased hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and ferritin with hypertension but not with other comorbidities. Our results are of importance for understanding the Long Covid-19 syndrome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Association of Lung Fibrotic Changes and Cardiological Dysfunction with Hypertension in Long COVID-19 cohort

Tauyekelova¹,

Kalila²,

Bakhtiyar³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Additionally, a recent report showed IgM persistence for up to 8 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that IgM positivity should no longer be considered a diagnostic criterion to confirm acute or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, IgM positivity can be confirmed by only antigen or nucleic acid tests, which were not available at the time of the study. Additionally, a recent report showed IgM persistence for up to 8 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that IgM positivity should no longer be considered a diagnostic criterion to confirm acute or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection 12…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its pandemic spread generated serious concern about the impact of the infection on vulnerable indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon. Thus, this study aimed to perform a seroepidemiological survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in those populations.SettingSix indigenous ethnic groups living in the State of Pará (Northern Brazil) were investigated. The villages of Xikrin do Bacajá, Assurini, Araweté, Parakanã, Munduruku and Kararaô were visited from October 2020 to January 2021.Design and participantsWe performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of anti-spike (S1) IgG antibodies. Plasma was tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies using two assays (a lateral flow rapid test and an ELISA). A total of 1185 individuals of both sexes were enrolled in the study.ResultsThe prevalences of IgM and IgG antibodies were 6.9% and 68.1%, respectively, ranging from 0% to 79.6%, with significant differences (p<0.001) between age groups in three communities (Araweté, Xikrin and Munduruku) and a virulence rate of 0.86%. The overall IgG prevalence obtained by rapid tests and ELISAs were similar, and the agreement of the results between the two tests was 80%, which was classified as good (kappa=0.4987; p<0.001; sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 71.6%). Herd immunity was probably attained, similar to that found in other communities of the Amazon.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly among the indigenous populations investigated, but it had a low mortality rate. It is necessary to expand serological investigations to other communities in the Amazon region of Brazil.

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“…Seroconversion of IgM and IgG antibodies occurs the first week after onset of symptoms, seroconversion rates rise until the fourth week and decline thereafter, by the seventh week IgM antibodies are not detected in most cases, even if some reports showed IgM antibodies to persist for up to 8 months post-COVID-19 [168], whereas IgG antibodies persist longer for a period of time yet unknown [169]. Immunoglobulins alone are not truly sufficient to confer long-term immunity to coronavirus [156].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Is a New Challenge for the Effectiveness of Global Vaccination Campaign: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature

Muzio

Ambosino

Muzio

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 seems to be a rare phenomenon. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic search of literature on the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in order to understand the success of the global vaccine campaigns. A systematic search was performed. Inclusion criteria included a positive RT-PCR test of more than 90 days after the initial test and the confirmed recovery or a positive RT-PCR test of more than 45 days after the initial test that is accompanied by compatible symptoms or epidemiological exposure, naturally after the confirmed recovery. Only 117 articles were included in the final review with 260 confirmed cases. The severity of the reinfection episode was more severe in 92/260 (35.3%) with death only in 14 cases. The observation that many reinfection cases were less severe than initial cases is interesting because it may suggest partial protection from disease. Another interesting line of data is the detection of different clades or lineages by genome sequencing between initial infection and reinfection in 52/260 cases (20%). The findings are useful and contribute towards the role of vaccination in response to the COVID-19 infections. Due to the reinfection cases with SARS-CoV-2, it is evident that the level of immunity is not 100% for all individuals. These data highlight how it is necessary to continue to observe all the prescriptions recently indicated in the literature in order to avoid new contagion for all people after healing from COVID-19 or becoming asymptomatic positive.

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Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Antibody up to 8 Months Post-COVID-19

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Association of Lung Fibrotic Changes and Cardiological Dysfunction with Hypertension in Long COVID-19 cohort

Association of Lung Fibrotic Changes and Cardiological Dysfunction with Hypertension in Long COVID-19 cohort

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Is a New Challenge for the Effectiveness of Global Vaccination Campaign: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature

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