Persistence of anti-HBs in children vaccinated against viral hepatitis B in the first year of life: follow-up at 5 and 10 years

Villa, G. Da; Peluso, Fabio; Picciotto, L; Bencivenga, Maria; Elia, Sonja; Pelliccia, Maria

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00140-5

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…[44][45][46] differences in the protective effect of plasma versus recombinant vaccines have been under debate for a while. 4,8,11,19,28,34,35,37,47 Comparison of plasma and recombinant vaccines needs to take account of age at follow-up time, vaccination schedules and dosage. in our analysis, we did account for these confounding factors and could not identify differences between plasma and recombinant vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,8,11,19,28,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Finally, both parameters may also be influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the population and the HBsag carrier status of the mothers in the country. 6,7,11,21,22,[28][29][30][31][32][33]35,37,38 all these studies, however, are difficult to compare because results are influenced by a mixture of causes as well as by different follow-up periods.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy

Schönberger

Riedel²,

Rückinger³

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: the duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in early infancy is unclear and may be related to vaccination schedule, dosage, vaccine type and population characteristics. Factors potentially influencing waning immunity were assessed. Methods: a systematic review was performed. the main outcomes were prevalence of anti-hepatits B antibodies ≥ 10 miu/ml after primary or booster vaccination. Factors potentially influencing protection were assessed in an adjusted random-effects meta-analysis model by age for both outcomes. results of both meta-analyses were combined in a prognostic model. Results: Forty-six studies reporting on the anti-hepatits B antibodies ≥ 10 miu/ml 5 to 20 years after primary immunization and 29 on booster response were identified. the adjusted meta-analyses identified maternal carrier status (odds ratio [Or]: 2.37 [1.11; 5.08]), lower vaccine dosage than presently recommended (Or: 0.14 [0.06; 0.30]) and gap time between last and preceding dose of the primary vaccine series (Or: 0.44 [0.22; 0.86]) as determinants for persistence of anti-hepatits B antibodies ≥ 10. a lower vaccine dosage was also associated with failure to respond to booster (Or: 0.20 [0.10; 0.38]). the prognostic model predicted long-term protection of 90% [77%; 100%] at the age of 17 years for offspring of noncarrier mothers vaccinated with a presently recommended dose and vaccination schedule. Conclusions: Based on meta-analyses, predictors of waning immunity after hepatitis B vaccination in infancy could be identified. a prognostic model for long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination in infancy was developed.Key Words: hepatitis B, infant vaccination, booster, long-term protection, determinants of protection (Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32: 307-313) A lthough hepatitis B vaccination is highly effective, vaccination failures leading to acute [1][2][3][4][5] and sometimes chronic infection [5][6][7][8] have been observed. although infections occurring within a short time interval after vaccination are likely to reflect primary vaccination failure 1,4 due to nonresponse, those occurring after decades are likely to reflect secondary vaccination failure due to waning immunity. anti-hepatits B antibodies [anti-HBs] ≥ 10 miu/ ml either after primary vaccination or as response to booster if the antibody concentrations have fallen below are widely accepted marker of protection after hepatitis B vaccination. 9-11 immunity against hepatitis B gives protection against infection and protection against disease. 12-14 Protection against infection is based on the presence of anti-HBs ≥ 10 miu/ml. after vaccination against hepatitis B, the proportion of individuals with anti-HBs ≥10 miu/ ml is highly dependent on the time elapsed since primary vaccination. individuals whose anti-HBs concentrations dropped below a level of 10 miu/ml are not protected any more against infection with hepatitis B virus. However, they are not at risk of hepatic disease as long as they have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsag)-spe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy

Schönberger

Riedel²,

Rückinger³

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…[5][6][7] The proportion of vaccinees with protective antiHBs levels decreases to 75% to 87% 5 years after vaccination and further drops to 50% to 70% 10 to 12 years after. 10,11,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Because of the progressive decline of anti-HBs and the associated increased likelihood of development of new HBV infections, some investigators advise the use of a booster vaccination. 20,21 However, a preponderance of data indicates that the protective efficacy of the HB vaccine can last for at least 5 to 10 years, and a booster before 5 years is not necessary.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-term response to hepatitis B vaccination and response to booster in children born to mothers with hepatitis B e antigen

et al. 1999

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Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine provides an uncertain duration of protection and the optimal timing of booster vaccine remains unclear. This study examined the immune response at 10 years of 118 children who had developed protective anti-HB surface (anti-HBs) levels after a primary series of HB immunizations in infancy. All of the children were born to hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg)-positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers. HB markers in all subjects and cellular immune response in some were determined. A booster was given to all subjects after the collection of samples and another blood sample was collected 4 weeks later. The results showed that a total of 39 (33%) of the children were seronegative for anti-HBs. T-cell proliferative response to HBsAg was noted in 47% of children. On HBsAg stimulation, leukocyte samples from a significantly higher proportion of subjects produced cytokines (81% of T cells produced interleukin-2 [IL-2] and 100% produced IL-5). The booster dose of HB vaccine induced the production of a protective level of anti-HBs (H10 mIU/mL) in all subjects. Cellular immunity was augmented with a positive rate of 58%, 90%, and 100% for HBsAg-induced T-cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and IL-5 production, respectively. Although 14 (11.9%) of the subjects were HB core antibody positive at 10 years of age, no new HBsAg carrier was detected. The results of this study show that protection afforded by HB vaccination persisted to the age of 10 years in all vaccinees. Immunologic memory was detected in all subjects including those who had lost their anti-HBs seropositivity. These results suggest that no booster vaccination is needed before 10 years of age. The most sensitive marker of immunologic memory is IL-5 production of T cells. (HEPATOLOGY 1999;29: 954-959.)Taiwan is an endemic region for hepatitis B (HB). Before the implementation of a nationwide vaccination program in 1984, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier rate in the general population was 15% to 20%. 1-2 The major impact of HB infection is its long-term sequelae, which may include chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 3 Perinatal infection accounts for 40% to 50% of all HB infections and is responsible for the generation-to-generation transmission of HBV. 4 HB vaccines, both plasma derived and recombinant, are highly immunogenic and efficacious. 5-10 It has been reported that HB vaccine given soon after birth is able to protect infants from perinatal infection, and HB infection became the first disease model to show that mother-to-neonate transmission can be interrupted by an effective vaccine. 11 Taiwan started a national program of HB vaccination since 1984. This program resulted in a significant reduction of the HB carrier rate in children under 10 years from 9.8% before nationwide vaccination to 1.3% after the program. 12 It also decreased the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children aged 6 to 9 years from 0.52 to 0.13 per 100,000. 13 However, the duration of protection provided by the...

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“…Yenidoğan döneminde aşılanan bebeklerin izlemleri yapılıp daha büyük yaşlarda antiHBs yanıtları kontrol edildiğinde ilk beş yılda koruyuculuğun yüksek oranda devam ettiği, bu nedenle yaşamın ilk 5-7 yılında rapel doza gerek olmadığı ancak daha sonraki tarihlerde bazı olgularda antikor titrelerinin azaldığı ya da saptanamayacak düzeye inebildiği ve bu nedenle izlenmelerinin uygun olduğu, fakat bu olguların da büyük çoğunluğunun rapel doza yanıt verdikleri bildirilmektedir (45,46). Bununla birlikte bazı çalışmalarda da doğumda yapılan aşılamadan sonra zaman içinde antiHBs yanıtının azaldığı ve rapel doz gerekebileceği bildirilmektedir (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52).…”

Section: Kombine Aşılarunclassified

“…İlk seri aşılamaya yanıt vermeyenlere 0,1,6 ay veya 0, 1, 4 ay şemasıyla ikinci seri aşılama yapılır. Uygun yere uygun şemayla yapılan iki seri aşılamaya (toplam altı doz aşı) rağmen %5 Viral Hepatit Dergisi 2012; 18(2): 37-46 Viral Hepatitis Journal 2012; 18(2): [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] oranında saptanabilir antiHBs yanıtı oluşmayan kişiler bulunmaktadır.Bazı kişilerde antiHBs yanıtı başlangıçta oluşmakta ama düşük düzeyde olup rutin serolojik tetkiklerle saptanamamaktadır; yine bazı kişilerde oluşan antiHBs çabuk yıkılmakta ve serumdan erken kaybolmaktadır. Bu kişiler düşük yanıtlı kabul edilmektedir.…”

Section: Kombine Aşılarunclassified

Hepatit B Virüs Aşılaması

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Persistence of anti-HBs in children vaccinated against viral hepatitis B in the first year of life: follow-up at 5 and 10 years

Cited by 42 publications

References 2 publications

Determinants of Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy

Determinants of Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy

Long-term response to hepatitis B vaccination and response to booster in children born to mothers with hepatitis B e antigen

Hepatit B Virüs Aşılaması

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