Persistence and clearance of different<i>Salmonella</i>serovars in buildings housing laying hens

Carrique-Mas, Juan; Breslin, M.; Snow, L. C.; McLaren, I.; Sayers, A. R.; Davies, Rob

doi:10.1017/s0950268808001568

Cited by 76 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Out of the 154 poultry farms screened in the present study, 11 farms were found to be positive for NTS incidence that had overcrowding, poor farm hygiene, lack of adequate biosecurity measures and infestation of rodents and insects. Mice, wild birds, ants and snakes are known to play important role in the transmission of Salmonella among birds, flocks and farms [28][29][30]. Hence, there is an association between the farm hygiene and incidence of NTS in poultry farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Poultry and Poultry Products in India: Implications for Human Health

et al. 2015

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Human infections with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are increasingly becoming a threat to human health globally. While all motile Salmonellae have zoonotic potential, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are most commonly associated with human disease, for which poultry are a major source. Despite the increasing number of human NTS infections, the epidemiology of NTS in poultry in India has not been fully understood. Hence, as a first step, we carried out epidemiological analysis to establish the incidence of NTS in poultry to evaluate the risk to human health. A total of 1215 samples (including poultry meat, tissues, egg and environmental samples) were collected from 154 commercial layer farms from southern India and screened for NTS. Following identification by cultural and biochemical methods, Salmonella isolates were further characterized by multiplex PCR, allele-specific PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In the present study, 21/1215 (1.73 %) samples tested positive for NTS. We found 12/392 (3.06 %) of tissue samples, 7/460 (1.52 %) of poultry products, and 2/363 (0.55 %) of environmental samples tested positive for NTS. All the Salmonella isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, which is routinely used as poultry feed additive. The multiplex PCR results allowed 16/21 isolates to be classified as S. Typhimurium, and five isolates as S. Enteritidis. Of the five S. Enteritidis isolates, four were identified as group D Salmonella by allele-specific PCR. All of the isolates produced different banding patterns in ERIC PCR. Of the thirteen macro restriction profiles (MRPs) obtained by PFGE, MRP 6 was predominant which included 6 (21 %) isolates. In conclusion, the findings of the study revealed higher incidence of contamination of NTS Salmonella in poultry tissue and animal protein sources used for poultry. The results of the study warrants further investigation on different type of animal feed sources, food market chains, processing plants, live bird markets etc., to evaluate the risk factors, transmission and effective control measures of human Salmonella infection from poultry products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Poultry and Poultry Products in India: Implications for Human Health

et al. 2015

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“…The role of rodents, flies, beetles and wild birds as vectors in Salmonella spp. transfer is extensively discussed (14)(15)(16)(17). Stress has an immunosuppressive effect in egg laying hens, which can have negative consequences with respect to salmonellosis and shedding (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonellosis and Related Risk Factors in Broiler Flocks in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

Seifi¹,

Khoshbakht²,

Raeisi³

2016

Int J Enteric Pathog

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Background: Prevention of foodborne pathogens is essential to control infectious diseases; Salmonella spp. is referred to as the most common causative agent of foodborne illnesses. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in broiler flocks in Mazandaran province, north of Iran and find the potential risk factors including: age, size of flock, strain, season, vaccination program and use of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: From March 2012 to December 2013, a total of 50 flocks were selected in slaughterhouse and 20 cloacal samples were collected from each flock. Every five samples were pooled and investigated for Salmonella spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Thirteen flocks out of 50 (26%) were positive for Salmonella species. Chances of Salmonella spp. detection was higher in flocks with lower age (P = 0.41). Increasing flock population was associated with increased chance of Salmonella spp. isolation (P = 0.21). The risk of salmonellosis in broiler flocks was increased when no antibiotics were given to day-old chicks. There was no significant difference (P = 0.30) in the prevalence of salmonellosis among different broiler strains. Conclusions: In the current study, six risk factors were assessed for Salmonella spp. contamination in broiler flocks. Some of these factors contributed to the risk of salmonellosis in broiler flocks.

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“…These findings indicate the spread of pathogens by horizontal transmission, but it is difficult to establish the source of contamination (Hinton 1988). Since the persistence of Salmonella in the environment is an important feature in its epidemiology, hens may be infected during growing phase (Carrique-Mas et al 2009), by being in contact with inoculated hens (Thomas et al 2009), with confirm the complex epidemiology of Salmonella infections (Hinton 1988).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One of the factors that facilitate the proliferation of flies is the accumulation of large amounts of manure (Carrique-Mas et al 2009). When these flies are exposed to Salmonella contaminated environments, they may become infected and transmit the bacteria to housed poultry (Holt et al 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular detection of Salmonella sp. on growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens

et al. 2016

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This present study was developed with the objective of detect Salmonella sp. by conventional bacteriology and qPCR techniques in samples of flooring material from transport crates (meconium); raising environment (swab of cages and drinking fountains); cloacal swab; food and insects from growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens. A total of 864 samples were collected, among whom 248 originated from growing, 392 from rearing and 224 from production phase. Among the 864 samples, 2,8% where positives in bacteriologic technique and 15.3% in qPCR. Contamination was higher in growing and rearing phases and declined in production phase. Twenty four isolations of Salmonella where typified as Salmonella Agona (41.7%), Salmonella Livingstone (33.3%), Salmonella Cerro (16.7%), Salmonella Senftenberg (4.2%) and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (4.2%). During growing phase Salmonella Livingstone was identified. These findings suggest vertical contamination in the group. During rearing and production phases, isolated materials belong to serovars Agona, Cerro, Senftenberg and Schwarzengrund, pointing to horizontal contamination. It is possible to conclude that both vertical and horizontal contaminations are important during the cycle of commercial egg production and contamination in rearing phase is higher than in growing and production phases.

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Persistence and clearance of differentSalmonellaserovars in buildings housing laying hens

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Poultry and Poultry Products in India: Implications for Human Health

Molecular Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Poultry and Poultry Products in India: Implications for Human Health

Salmonellosis and Related Risk Factors in Broiler Flocks in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

Phenotypic and molecular detection of Salmonella sp. on growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens

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