Perreyia flavipes larvae toxicity

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(8) Unique do ses of 7.5 and 10mg/kg induced characteristic clinical signs of Perreyia sp. larvae poisoning, increased GGT and AST values, and decreased glycemic curves. However, doses of 5, 10, and 15mg/kg repeated at 30 or 15 days intervals caused no disease and mild disease followed by death, respectively. These ϐin dings indicate that these animals probably developed some degree of tolerance to the toxins in P. ϔlavipes larvae. Ultrastru ctural examination of liver revealed proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the hepatocytes, which may be associated with an increased ability to metabolize toxins and could consequently lead to the tolerance observed in the present study. Further investigations may elucidate whether such tolerance effects could be applied as a control measure for P. ϔlavipes poioning or other hepatotoxic diseases. In addition, clinicopathological ϐindings were discussed. algum grau de tolerância para as toxinas presentes nas larvas de P. ϔlavipes. O exame ultraestrutural do ϐígado revelou proliferação do retículo endoplasmático liso de hepatóci-tos, o que pode ser associado a um aumento na capacidade de metabolizar toxinas e conseqüentemente levar à tolerância observada no presente estudo. Outras investigações poderão esclarecer se os efeitos de tal tolerância poderiam ser aplicados como medida de controle da intoxicação por P. ϔlavipes ou outras doenças hepatotóxicas. Além disso, os resultados clínico-patológicos foram discutidos.

Novos aspectos sobre a intoxicação por Trema micrantha (Cannabaceae) em equídeos

“…Essa característica é observada em diferentes intoxicações e pode ser explicada por metabolização do princípio ativo pela microbiota do trato digestório, ou por detoxificação hepática (Cullen & Brown 2012). Raymundo et al 2012 observaram em ovinos intoxicados com Perreya flavipes, que animais que recebiam sub-doses sucessivas, adquiriam resistência, e esses demonstravam no exame ultraestrutural do fígado proliferação do retículo endoplasmático liso de hepatóci tos, o que pode ser associado a um aumento na capacidade de metabolizar toxinas e, consequentemente, levar à tole rância do mesmo. Fato que poderia explicar porque somente o equino que não era originário da propriedade morreu nessa propriedade.…”

Brain lesions associated with acute toxic hepatopathy in cattle

“…8 Conversely, in the T. micranthaand P. flavipes-poisoned cattle, astrocyte nuclear changes predominated, with Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the gray matter; nuclear swelling in astrocytes within the white matter was also observed. In T. micrantha poisoning, the mean time elapsed from plant consumption to death was 133 h. In spontaneous P. flavipes poisoning, no clinical signs were recorded; however, in an experimental P. flavipes poisoning of sheep, 12 the mean time from ingestion to death was 102 h.…”

“…The consumption of various poisonous plants and the Hymenoptera Perreyia flavipes larvae have caused neurologic disorders secondary to hepatotoxic insults in cattle from Brazil 4,12,13,17,20 and other countries. 5,9,19 Status spongiosus and isolated or grouped astrocytes with large vesicular nuclei, termed Alzheimer type II astrocytes, have been described as microscopic changes in hepatic encephalopathy.…”

Addressing global challenges with unconventional insect ecosystem services: Why should humanity care about insect larvae?

“…properties (Ramos, Gonçalves, Ribeiro, Rocha Campos, & Sant'Anna, 2004;Veiga, Ribeiro, Guimarães, & Francischetti, 2005). Other species also possess toxic compounds such as the sawfly Perreyia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Pergidae) which has been implicated in natural intoxication of livestock and thus presents an unexplored study organism for the discovery of novel compounds with putative clinical properties (Dutra, Riet-Correa, Mendez, & Paiva, 1997;Raymundo et al, 2012;Soares et al, 2001).…”

“…While the venom is a complex cocktail of molecules with a variety of functions, the venom's compounds are now being studied as a model for the mechanisms underpinning haemorrhagic syndrome and thrombosis, opening up new possibilities to develop treatments to improve blood coagulation using (principles drawn from) the larvae's venom properties (Ramos, Gonçalves, Ribeiro, Rocha Campos, & Sant'Anna, 2004; Veiga, Ribeiro, Guimarães, & Francischetti, 2005). Other species also possess toxic compounds such as the sawfly Perreyia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Pergidae) which has been implicated in natural intoxication of livestock and thus presents an unexplored study organism for the discovery of novel compounds with putative clinical properties (Dutra, Riet‐Correa, Mendez, & Paiva, 1997; Raymundo et al., 2012; Soares et al., 2001).…”