Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761

Maitra, Indrani; Marcocci, Lucia; Droy-Lefaix, Marie-Thérèse; Packer, Lester

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(95)00089-i

Cited by 219 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the present study, we decided to use EGb 761, the Ginkgo biloba extract. EGb 761 was well known for its antioxidant properties [3,12,14,15] and its protective effects against injuries induced by in vivo ischemia/reperfusion [2,7,8] EGb 761 was used at 50, 100, and 200 g/ml, concentrations that did not impair the mitochondrial respiratory parameters before anoxia/reoxygenation (Figs. 3A and 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have provided considerable support for the in vitro and in vivo protective effects of EGb 761 in ischemia/reperfusion injury [5][6][7][8] or oxidative stress [9 -11]. These effects were closely related to the ability of EGb 761 to scavenge free radicals such as superoxide anion [12,13], hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals [3,14], and nitric oxide [15]. Thus EGb 761 has wide antioxidant effects and inhibits peroxidation reactions in vivo and in vitro [16 -19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EGb 761 protects liver mitochondria against injury induced by in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation

Willet

Mouithys‐Mickalad

et al. 1999

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Abstract-The present study investigated the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on rat liver mitochondrial damage induced by in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation. Anoxia/reoxygenation was known to impair respiratory activities and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. ADP/O (2.57 Ϯ 0.11) decreased after anoxia/ reoxygenation (1.75 Ϯ 0.09, p Ͻ .01), as well as state 3 and uncoupled respiration (Ϫ20%, p Ͻ .01), but state 4 respiration increased ( p Ͻ .01). EGb 761 (50 -200 g/ml) had no effect on mitochondrial functions before anoxia, but had a specific dose-dependent protective effect after anoxia/reoxygenation. When mitochondria were incubated with 200 g/ml EGb 761, they showed an increase in ADP/O (2.09 Ϯ 0.14, p Ͻ .05) and a decrease in state 4 respiration (Ϫ22%) after anoxia/reoxygenation. In EPR spin-trapping measurement, EGb 761 decreased the EPR signal of superoxide anion produced during reoxygenation. In conclusion, EGb 761 specially protects mitochondrial ATP synthesis against anoxia/reoxygenation injury by scavenging the superoxide anion generated by mitochondria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EGb 761 protects liver mitochondria against injury induced by in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation

Willet

Mouithys‐Mickalad

et al. 1999

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…G. biloba contains biloba extract, EGb 761, 24% flavone glycosides, 6% terpene lactones, and 7% proanthocyaniclines which are strong antioxidants (14). In different in vivo and in vitro studies, it was shown that G. biloba prevents oxidative stress and has a role in the cleaning of free radicals [15,16] . …”

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confidence: 99%

Ginkgo biloba and Lycopene are Effective on Cisplatin Induced Ototoxicity?

et al. 2018

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Original Article INTRODUCTIONCisplatin is an antineoplastic agent often used in malign neoplasms such as those in gastrointestinal systems, urinary system, and head and neck. Although it has successful results against cancer, there are restrictions in clinical use due to serious side effects such as gastrointestinal, peripheral neuropathic, nephropathic, bone marrow toxicity, and ototoxicity [1,2] . The increase in calcium rate is due to inner cellular calcium channel blockage in cochlear cells in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity; and increase electrolyte in imbalance and lipid peroxidation is due to the disruption in cell membrane, antioxidant system disruption, and emergence of free radicals such as oxygen and nitrogen [3][4][5][6] . As a result of these, progressive and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss in high frequencies and continuous or discontinuous tinnitus develops. In the studies conducted, it was shown that outer hairy cells in cisplatin cochlea, spiral ganglion cells (SGC), and cochlea basal and mid-turn parts in cochlea and Reissner's membrane and stria vascularis are affected [3,7,8] .In literature, different antioxidant agents such as vitamin E [9] , N-acetylcysteine [10] , dexamethasone [11] , lycopene [12] , and Ginkgo biloba [13] used in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity have been mentioned. Lycopene and G. biloba are also antioxidant agents. G. biloba contains biloba extract, EGb 761, 24% flavone glycosides, 6% terpene lactones, and 7% proanthocyaniclines which are strong antioxidants (14). In different in vivo and in vitro studies, it was shown that G. biloba prevents oxidative stress and has a role in the cleaning of free radicals [15,16] .

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“…It contains 24% flavonoid glycoside, 6% terpene lactones and less than 5 ppm of ginkgolic acid (Smith and Luo, 2004). Its flavonoid fraction appears to contribute to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, whereas the terpenes antagonize plateletactivating factor (PAF) (Koltai et al, 1994;Maitra et al, 1995;Oyama et al, 1994Oyama et al, , 1996. EGb 761 has also been shown to have various anti-apoptotic properties, which is derived by preserving the mitochondrial membrane integrity, up-regulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, down-regulating pro-apoptotic molecules like caspase-12 and inhibiting the activation of caspase-3 (Smith and Luo, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%