Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is involved in the temperature-induced sex differentiation of a vertebrate

Hara, Seiji; Furukawa, Fumiya; Mukai, Koki; Yazawa, Takashi; Kitano, Takeshi

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68594-y

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In addition, the prevalence of some diseases is different by gender [73], and many experiments also show that PPARs are different in function by gender. PPARα expression is more abundant in native and activated male T cells than in female cells [74,75], suggesting that PPARα has a more substantial role in male T cells than in female T cells. Likewise, multiple studies have shown that the male hormone androgen has been suggested to influence the expression of PPARα in male T cells [76][77][78].…”

Section: Pparβ/δmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Overlooked Transformation Mechanisms of VLCFAs: Peroxisomal β-Oxidation

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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Beta-oxidation(β-oxidation) is an important metabolic process involving multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules are broken down to produce energy. The very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), a type of fatty acid (FA), are usually highly toxic when free in vivo, and their oxidative metabolism depends on the peroxisomal β-oxidation. For a long time, although β-oxidation takes place in both mitochondria and peroxisomes, most studies have been keen to explore the mechanism of β-oxidation in mitochondria while ignoring the importance of peroxisomal β-oxidation. However, current studies indicate that it is hard to provide effective treatment for diseases caused by the disorder of peroxisomal β-oxidation, such as X-ALD, SCOX deficiency, and D-BP deficiency; thus, actions should be taken to solve this problem. Based on existing research results, this review will summarize the importance of peroxisomal β-oxidation and help further learning.

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Section: Pparβ/δmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Overlooked Transformation Mechanisms of VLCFAs: Peroxisomal β-Oxidation

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild-type, pparaa KO ( 20 ), and gsdf KO lines ( 32 ) originating from an FLFII medaka line ( 33 ) were used in this study. pparaa KO and gsdf KO lines were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and maintained by brother-sister mating of the genetically homogenous medaka ( 20 , 32 ). pparaa KO and gsdf KO XX medaka do not masculinize with cortisol treatment ( 20 , 32 ), while some gsdf KO but not pparaa KO XY fish become females having ovaries under normal conditions, while others become normal males having testes ( 34 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it was concluded that HT promotes male development and suppresses female development. Moreover, it was recently reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-a ( pparaa ), which regulates the expression of fatty acid-related genes, is activated by HT and cortisol and its activation leads to the masculinization of XX medaka ( 20 ). Recently, it was reported that lipid metabolism may regulate female-to-male sex reversal in starved medaka ( 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress Causes Masculinization of Genetically Female Medaka Without Elevating Cortisol

et al. 2022

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Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a teleost fish with an XX/XY sex determination system. Sex reversal from female-to-male (masculinization of XX fish) can be induced through cortisol elevation from exposure to environmental stress such as high temperature during sexual differentiation. However, the effects of oxidative stress, generated via metabolic reactions and biological defense mechanisms, on the sexual differentiation of medaka are unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress on medaka sexual differentiation using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which induces oxidative stress in vertebrates. H2O2 treatment from 0 to 5 days post-hatching induced masculinization of wild-type XX medaka, but not of gonadal soma-derived growth factor (gsdf) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-a (pparaa) knockout XX fish. Co-treatment with an oxidative stress inhibitor caused masculinization recovery but co-treatment with a cortisol synthesis inhibitor did not. H2O2 treatment significantly upregulated gsdf and pparaa expression in XX medaka. However, H2O2 did not elevate cortisol levels in medaka larvae during sexual differentiation. These results strongly indicate that oxidative stress induces masculinization of XX medaka without causing elevation of cortisol.

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“…Sex differentiation is the product of a combative relationship between genes involved in the development and maturation of testis and ovary [23,24]. The environmental factors here are temperature [25], pH [26], population density [27], oxygen concentration [28], and social status [29]. However, at this stage, the involvement of environmental factors is more on maintaining the activation and suppression of various male and female pathways depending on the sexual fate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Determination and Differentiation in Teleost: Roles of Genetics, Environment, and Brain

Rajendiran

Jaafar

Kar

et al. 2021

Biology

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The fish reproductive system is a complex biological system. Nonetheless, reproductive organ development is conserved, which starts with sex determination and then sex differentiation. The sex of a teleost is determined and differentiated from bipotential primordium by genetics, environmental factors, or both. These two processes are species-specific. There are several prominent genes and environmental factors involved during sex determination and differentiation. At the cellular level, most of the sex-determining genes suppress the female pathway. For environmental factors, there are temperature, density, hypoxia, pH, and social interaction. Once the sexual fate is determined, sex differentiation takes over the gonadal developmental process. Environmental factors involve activation and suppression of various male and female pathways depending on the sexual fate. Alongside these factors, the role of the brain during sex determination and differentiation remains elusive. Nonetheless, GnRH III knockout has promoted a male sex-biased population, which shows brain involvement during sex determination. During sex differentiation, LH and FSH might not affect the gonadal differentiation, but are required for regulating sex differentiation. This review discusses the role of prominent genes, environmental factors, and the brain in sex determination and differentiation across a few teleost species.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is involved in the temperature-induced sex differentiation of a vertebrate

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

The Overlooked Transformation Mechanisms of VLCFAs: Peroxisomal β-Oxidation

The Overlooked Transformation Mechanisms of VLCFAs: Peroxisomal β-Oxidation

Oxidative Stress Causes Masculinization of Genetically Female Medaka Without Elevating Cortisol

Sex Determination and Differentiation in Teleost: Roles of Genetics, Environment, and Brain

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