Peroxide-initiated chemical modification of polyolefins: In search of a latent antioxidant

Twigg, Christopher; Ford, Kyle; Parent, J. Scott

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.06.001

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In contrast, in the literature, focus was given to UV-absorbing EVA grades with phenolic radical scavengers and aromatic UV stabilizers. As well described in [ 17 , 18 ], the peroxide decomposition and crosslinking reaction depends on both the chemical structure of the polymer and the stabilization package.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common problem is the inhomogeneous distribution of the peroxide in the encapsulant films associated with the lateral variation of the crosslink density and an excess of a non-reacted corrosive peroxide [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. As described in [ 17 , 18 ], some additives such as phenolic, nitroxyl and phosphite antioxidants lower the concentration of the peroxide-induced macroradical intermediates that support the polyolefin modifications. In contrast, UV-transparent additives based on hindered amine stabilizers (HAS) confer oxidative stability to the crosslinked EVA or POE materials without compromising the yields of the peroxide-initiated crosslinking [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in [ 17 , 18 ], some additives such as phenolic, nitroxyl and phosphite antioxidants lower the concentration of the peroxide-induced macroradical intermediates that support the polyolefin modifications. In contrast, UV-transparent additives based on hindered amine stabilizers (HAS) confer oxidative stability to the crosslinked EVA or POE materials without compromising the yields of the peroxide-initiated crosslinking [ 17 , 18 ]. Hence, the UV-transparent EVA or POE adhesives and encapsulants based on hindered amine stabilizers would allow for a more reliable lamination process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Crosslinking Kinetics of UV-Transparent Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Polyolefin Elastomer Encapsulants

Wallner¹,

Adothu

Pugstaller³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Encapsulants based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or polyolefin elastomers (POE) are essential for glass or photovoltaic module laminates. To improve their multi-functional property profile and their durability, the encapsulants are frequently peroxide crosslinked. The crosslinking kinetics are affected by the macromolecular structure and the formulation with stabilizers such as phenolic antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers or aromatic ultraviolet (UV) absorbers. The main objective of this study was to implement temperature-rise and isothermal dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) approaches in torsional mode and to assess and compare the crosslinking kinetics of novel UV-transparent encapsulants based on EVA and POE. The gelation time was evaluated from the crossover of the storage and loss shear modulus. While the investigated EVA and POE encapsulants revealed quite similar activation energy values of 155 kJ/moles, the storage modulus and complex viscosity in the rubbery state were significantly higher for EVA. Moreover, the gelation of the polar EVA grade was about four times faster than for the less polar POE encapsulant. Accordingly, the curing reaction of POE was retarded up to a factor of 1.6 to achieve a progress of crosslinking of 95%. Hence, distinct differences in the crosslinking kinetics of the UV-transparent EVA and POE grades were ascertained, which is highly relevant for the lamination of modules.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Crosslinking Kinetics of UV-Transparent Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Polyolefin Elastomer Encapsulants

Wallner¹,

Adothu

Pugstaller³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…It was revealed that the MBZ/445 complex exhibited excellent antioxidative ability for EPDM based on the results in our previous study. Thereby, the possible antioxidative mechanisms are proposed as following according to the previous reports . 445 is used as the primary antioxidants to capture the chain propagating hydroxyl/alkyl/alkoxyl/peroxy radicals before they can react with the polymer, while MBZ is used as the secondary antioxidants to decompose hydroperoxides into byproducts, alcohols and water, resulting in hindering the autocatalytic oxidation of rubber chains significantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Amine‐Containing Antioxidants on the Aging Performances of Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber

Li¹,

Zhou²,

Cao³

et al. 2020

ChemistrySelect

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In this study, two types of amine-containing antioxidants composed of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole zinc (MBZ) and 4,4'-bis (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine (445) were used to improve the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). The synergistic effects on the performances of EPDM and the corresponding aging mechanism were investigated by FTIR, tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rotary rheometer and other equipment. The results showed that the hardness increased gradually with the increasing aging time regardless of the type of antioxidants. Compared with the EPDM without antioxidants, the elongation retention of those samples with MBZ or 445 improved obviously. Additionally, the sample with the MBZ/445 complex showed the highest retention values at the same aging time. The antioxidative mechanisms were further analyzed by carbonyl index, activation energy and oxidation induction time, respectively. Results indicated that the degree of oxidation of EPDM using the MBZ/445 complex was much lower than other control systems during the aging process. As a result, the MBZ/445 complex was a favorable antioxidative additive for EPDM.[a] Dr.

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“…The main factors that influence the product life time are related to the material structure and the consistency as well as the presence of protecting formulation component diminishing the aging rate of substrate and extend the oxidation induction time. There are several alternatives through which the oxidation process of organic compounds can be efficiently delayed: the increase in the crosslinking degree [1,2], the addition of various classes of antioxidants [3][4][5][6][7], the loading with proper structures like nanoparticles [8][9][10], inorganic complexes [11], blending component [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvement of Degradation Strength of aAlkyd Resin EZ 528 Used in Rotating Machines

Zaharescu¹,

Lungulescu²,

Dumitru³

et al. 2020

Rev. Chim.

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Peroxide-initiated chemical modification of polyolefins: In search of a latent antioxidant

Cited by 8 publications

References 64 publications

Comparison of Crosslinking Kinetics of UV-Transparent Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Polyolefin Elastomer Encapsulants

Comparison of Crosslinking Kinetics of UV-Transparent Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Polyolefin Elastomer Encapsulants

Synergistic Effects of Amine‐Containing Antioxidants on the Aging Performances of Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber

The Improvement of Degradation Strength of aAlkyd Resin EZ 528 Used in Rotating Machines

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