Perovskites fabricated on textured silicon surfaces for tandem solar cells

Abstract

The silicon surface texture significantly affects the current density and efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, only a few studies have explored fabricating perovskite on textured silicon and the effect of texture on perovskite films because of the limitations of solution processes. Here we produce conformal perovskite on textured silicon with a dry two-step conversion process that incorporates lead oxide sputtering and direct contact with methyl ammonium iodide. To separately analyze the influence of each texture structure on perovskite films, patterned texture, high-resolution photoluminescence (μ-PL), and light beam-induced current (μ-LBIC), 3D mapping is used. This work elucidates conformal perovskite on textured surfaces and shows the effects of textured silicon on the perovskite layers with high-resolution 3D mapping. This approach can potentially be applied to any type of layer on any type of substrate.

Numerical study of a highly efficient light trapping nanostructure of perovskite solar cell on a textured silicon substrate

“…According to the studies, by etching the crystal silicon (100), due to the high resistance of plane to etching, the textured silicon would be very similar to the presented structure with curvature angles of 54.7 degrees 34 . But by depositing the other materials, especially Au, as the first layer, the triangular parts would not copy, and the deposited layers would have a smooth curvature at their bottom, as shown in Fig.…”

“…In the following, by immersing the wafer in the KOH solution at temperatures between 80 and 85 C, the desired V-shaped structure with flat surfaces and tips is formed. In the end, to completely remove the Si 3 N 4 , the sample is immersed in diluted hydrogen fluoride 34 , 39 – 41 .…”

“…Studies have also shown that the sputter-based process can be used to fabricate homogeneous perovskite films on a surface with high roughness 53 . Furthermore, if a dry two-step deposition proceeding is used, the quality of perovskite film can be adjusted by controlling the precursor composition, temperature, and duration of the conversion process 34 .…”

“…But by depositing the other materials, especially Au, as the first layer, the triangular parts would not copy, and the deposited layers would have a smooth curvature at their bottom, as shown in Fig. 7 a with zero angles 34 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 53 . This increases with the deposition of each material, and each layer follows the shape of the previous layer to a smaller extent.…”

“…This is due to the valuable properties of silicon, such as precisely shaping capability, compatibility with technologies used in the fabrication technologies of the integrated circuits, broad availability, and suitable electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Therefore, these advanced technologies could also be used in the fabrication of nanostructured solar cells 34 .…”