Perovskite Solution Aging: What Happened and How to Inhibit?

Wang, Xiao; Fan, Yanfeng; Wang, Li; Chen, Chen; Li, Zhipeng; Liu, Ranran; Meng, Hongguang; Shao, Zhipeng; Du, Xiaofan; Zhang, Huanrui; Cui, Guanglei; Pang, Shuping

doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2020.02.016

Cited by 131 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…[25] Based on our references (Figure 3a,b), these peaks were attributed to the CH of the formamidinium and CH 3 of methylammonium, respectively. [27] We also observed a small 1 H peak at δ 7.94 ppm, correlated with the 13 C peak at δ 155.4 ppm and a 1 H peak at δ 2.81 ppm correlated with a 13 C peak at δ 28.0 ppm. A very small 1 H peak was also detected at δ 2.96 ppm.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…To accurately determine how much MA is incorporated in the films and then answer the critical issue of the actual organic cation composition of the prepared layers, an NMR study was conducted. To the best of our knowledge, in the works investigating perovskite composition by NMR, the analyzed compounds are precipitated powders, [7,[25][26][27] crystals, [7,26,28] or films produced by drop casting [25] or by spin coating combined with vacuum evaporation. [29] By using them, one can get a quite large amount of material that permits solid-state and/or liquid NMR investigations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAI in solution undergoes deprotonation and methylamine and HI are formed in equilibrium with MAI. Upon the writing of this paper, an article by Wang et al [ 27 ] appeared which shows that the nucleophilic N atom in MA can react with the electrophilic imine group of FAI. It results in the formation of N ‐methyl FAI (CH 3 NH 2 CHNH HI) by condensation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Stabilization of Formamidinium Lead Tri‐Iodide Perovskite through a Methylammonium‐Based Additive for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, complex chemistry and precursor solution compositions are developed to stabilize hybrid perovskite films and boost the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this context, determining the actual composition of these layers, especially in organic cations, and understanding the chemistry behind is challenging. Herein, the introduction of methylammonium (MA+) in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) 3D perovskite is considered to stabilize the α‐phase, whose quantity must be minimized to reduce the material hydrophilicity and its possible destabilization by degassing. The key effects of methylammonium chloride (MACl) additive on the growth of FA1–xMAxPbI3 perovskite layers are studied. Liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to analyze the photovoltaic layers. NMR peaks and their origin are identified. The MA and FA content in films actually used in PSCs is reliably measured and prepared over a large additive molar concentration ratio. x is quantified at 0.06 ± 0.01 for pure films, which corresponds to the best entropic compound stabilization. It results in PSCs with a stabilized power conversion efficiency as high as 22.06%. These PSCs are shown to be highly stable under solar irradiation and high moisture.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Stabilization of Formamidinium Lead Tri‐Iodide Perovskite through a Methylammonium‐Based Additive for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…As described in our previous research, Lewis acid has the good effect on it. [ 12 ] The strong interaction between the vacant orbital of boron atom in boronic derivatives and the lone‐pair electron in I − can reduce the electron cloud density of I − , which should be beneficial to inhabit I − to attack the hydrogen atom in FA + . Here, triethyl borate (TEB) and PBA were selected as stabilizers because of their vacant orbital with electron‐withdrawing capability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently demonstrated that, in the MA–FA mixed organic cation perovskite solution, the MAI could be first deprotonated to generate MA molecular, and then the MA molecular condensate with FAI to form N ‐methyl formamidinium (MFAI) iodide and N,N′ ‐dimethyl formamidinium iodide (DMFAI). [ 12 ] From the view of reaction kinetics, the last mentioned condensation reaction is the main reason for the degradation of FA/MA mixed perovskite solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilizing Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Precursor Solution with Phenylboric Acid

Chen

Rao

et al. 2021

Solar RRL

Self Cite

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The instability of the perovskite precursor solution seriously affects the purity of the perovskite films, which is one of the key factors for the low reproducibility for highly efficient devices. Formamidinium‐based perovskite with more suitable spectral absorption range and higher thermal stability has become the mainstream material. However, the side reactions in pure formamidinium lead iodide solution have not been fully revealed. Herein, it is demonstrated that self‐condensation of formamidinium iodide occurs to form the by‐product s‐triazine, and its content increases with the aging time of the solution. It is also discovered that phenylboric acid (PBA) can effectively inhibit the self‐condensation reaction and the content of the s‐triazine is decreased by more than 95% in the solution aging at 60 °C for 7 days. The PBA used as the stabilizer not only enhances purity and decreases defect density of the perovskite films but also strongly enhances the reproducibility for highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

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Millimeter‐Sized Clusters of Triple Cation Perovskite Enables Highly Efficient and Reproducible Roll‐to‐Roll Fabricated Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Othman

Zheng

Seeber

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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The high-power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on lab-scale devices trigger the need to develop scalable manufacturing processes to accelerate their commercialization transition. A roll-to-roll (R2R) vacuum-free printing on flexible substrates allows for high-volume and low-cost manufacturing which is especially well-suited for PSCs due to its solution processibility and low-temperature annealing requirements. Herein, a facile hot deposition technique is reported to fabricate triple-cation (Cs 0.07 FA 0.79 MA 0.14 -Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 ) perovskite films in an ambient environment using a R2R slotdie coating method. This perovskite composition, whilst being most studied in lab devices due to its high efficiency and stability, has not been applied in R2R fabrication thus far. The demonstrated R2R slot-die coated flexible PSCs achieve stabilized PCE reaching 12% at maximum power point in inverted "p-i-n" architectures, the highest efficiency reported to date for R2R inverted PSCs. To achieve this, the underlying hole transport layer (poly(3,4-ethylenedio xythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate) is modified with guanidinium iodide additive which leads to the formation of large millimeter-sized perovskite clusters, improved perovskite crystallinity, and enhanced charge-transfer efficiency. This study highlights the potential of the facile hot-deposition method while providing critical insights into the role of interfacial engineering in eliminating performance losses and fabricating efficient printed flexible PSCs.

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Perovskite Solution Aging: What Happened and How to Inhibit?

Cited by 131 publications

References 26 publications

The Stabilization of Formamidinium Lead Tri‐Iodide Perovskite through a Methylammonium‐Based Additive for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

The Stabilization of Formamidinium Lead Tri‐Iodide Perovskite through a Methylammonium‐Based Additive for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

Stabilizing Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Precursor Solution with Phenylboric Acid

Millimeter‐Sized Clusters of Triple Cation Perovskite Enables Highly Efficient and Reproducible Roll‐to‐Roll Fabricated Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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