Perovskite Solar Cells: A Simple Cu(II) Polyelectrolyte as a Method to Increase the Work Function of Electrodes and Form Effective <i>p</i>‐Type Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 26/2021)

Ali, Azmat; Ahn, Yohan; Khawaja, Kausar Ali; Kang, J. H.; Park, Yu Jung; Seo, Jung Hwa; Walker, Bright

doi:10.1002/adfm.202170191

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, these pinholes can serve as non‐radiative recombination centers causing significant trap‐assistant recombination. [ 39,41,42 ] Moreover, the pinholes are likely to give rise to shunts in solar cells due to direct contact between the cathode and anode interfacial materials, producing detrimental leakage current and low shunt resistance. The morphological study of perovskite films on different HTLs shows no major difference in morphologies, however, polyelectrolytes that do not completely cover the substrate surface showed a corresponding decrease in their device performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solution‐Processed Metal Ion Polyelectrolytes as Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Shoukat,

Kang,

Khan

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Despite achieving high efficiencies over a short time, further streamlining of hybrid lead‐halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) designs is necessary for their commercial viability. In this contribution, a new class of interfacial hole transporting layer (HTL) materials consisting of anionic polyelectrolytes comprising polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) with metal cations are explored. These materials represent alternatives to metal oxides, combining characteristics of metal oxides with the facile preparation and desirable film‐forming characteristics of polyelectrolytes. Polyelectrolytes with cations including Li, Mg, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, In, Cs, and Pb as HTLs in inverted PSCs are explored. A range of positive and negative effects is observed for different metal cations, which are attributed to differences in the physical properties of the polyelectrolytes, and their influence on the electronic band structure of devices and the crystal qualities of the perovskite absorber. Ni and Cu polyelectrolytes created p‐type contacts at the anode of PSCs, improving device performance. These materials are believed to have potential in other types of devices as well. This type of metal:PSS polyelectrolyte has not yet been widely investigated, however, it is shown that it constitutes a simple and economic strategy to engineer energy band structures in perovskite devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because very thin films are used, electrons can back‐diffuse and tunnel through the metal:PSS interlayers, which is one reason that the FF values of the materials are somewhat low compared to PEDOT:PSS. [ 41,43 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processed Metal Ion Polyelectrolytes as Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Shoukat,

Kang,

Khan

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Section: Conductive Polymer Htlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walker and co‐workers [ 97 ] introduced a p‐type polyelectrolyte dopant, copper(II) poly(styrene sulfonate) (Cu:PSS). The incorporation of easily reduced Cu 2+ can increase the work function of HTL and thus match better with VBM of the perovskite (Figure 2f), resulting in a higher device V OC .…”

Section: Conductive Polymer Htlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Hole‐Transport Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Hole-transporting layers (HTLs) are an essential component in inverted, p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) where they play a decisive role in extraction and transport of holes, surface passivation, perovskite crystallization, device stability, and cost. Currently, the exploration of efficient, stable, highly transparent and low-cost HTLs is of vital importance for propelling p-i-n PSCs toward commercialization. Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic HTLs offer multiple advantages such as a tunable bandgap and energy level, easy synthesis and purification, solution processability, and overall low cost. Here, recent progress of organic HTLs, including conductive polymers, small molecules, and self-assembled monolayers, as utilized in inverted PSCs is systematically reviewed and summarized. Their molecular structure, hole-transport properties, energy levels, and relevant device properties and resulting performances are presented and analyzed. A summary of design principles and a future outlook toward highly efficient organic HTLs in inverted PSCs is proposed. This review aims to inspire further innovative development of novel organic HTLs for more efficient, stable, and scalable inverted PSCs.

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“…By incorporating metal‐based PSS polyelectrolytes (metal:PSS) admixed with PEDOT:PSS into HILs, significantly improved performance in solar cells has been demonstrated due to reduced hole‐injection barriers ( Φ h ) at the HIL/active layer interface and via a p‐doping effect. [ 25–29 ] Metal:PSS polyelectrolytes feature outstanding solubility in polar solvents such as water or methanol and additionally offer pH neutrality relative to PEDOT:PSS. These attributes lead to easy processing on organic and hybrid devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Hole Injection in Hybrid Light‐Emitting Transistors Incorporating Lithium and Copper(II) Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)

Park

Sim

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Light‐emitting transistors (LETs) are optoelectronic devices that perform switching and light‐emitting functions in a single device. Hybrid LETS (HLETs) using inorganic metal oxide semiconductors as the transport layer with organic emissive layers and hole‐injection layers (HILs) combine the excellent switching performance of metal oxides with the flexibility and tunability of organic semiconductors. However, the efficiency of n‐HLETs typically suffers from unbalanced electron and hole injection. To overcome this issue, two hybrid polyelectrolytes—lithium poly(styrene sulfonate) (Li:PSS) and copper(II) poly(styrene sulfonate) (Cu:PSS)—are investigated as HILs in HLETs. HLETs employing Cu:PSS interlayers exhibit significantly enhanced brightness values of up to 4.89 × 103 cd m−2 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.45%, compared to HLETs without HIL (no emission) and pristine poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (2.17 × 102 cd m−2 with an EQE of 0.01%). To understand how the HILs influence the performance, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) quenching studies are performed, which reveal improved energy band structure and reduced quenching using metal:PSS HILs. This work provides useful information about the function that polyelectrolyte HILs perform in HLET devices which may be exploited to develop new materials and applied in other types of optoelectronic devices.

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Perovskite Solar Cells: A Simple Cu(II) Polyelectrolyte as a Method to Increase the Work Function of Electrodes and Form Effective p‐Type Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 26/2021)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Solution‐Processed Metal Ion Polyelectrolytes as Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Solution‐Processed Metal Ion Polyelectrolytes as Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Organic Hole‐Transport Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Improved Hole Injection in Hybrid Light‐Emitting Transistors Incorporating Lithium and Copper(II) Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)

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