Perovskite solar cells: a deep analysis using current–voltage and capacitance–voltage techniques

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells exhibiting ~ 14-15% efficiency were experimentally measured using current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) techniques in order to extract material and device properties, and understand the action of photovoltaic (PV) operation. Deep analyses were carried out on dark-and illuminated I-V curves, and dark C-V curves. Results were compared with those of graded bandgap solar cells fabricated on inorganic n-type window layers. These analyses according to a physicist's point of view lead to understand the perovskite solar cell as a graded bandgap solar cell built on a p-type window layer. I-V and C-V results show very similar behaviour and the principle of PV action is identical. Once the stability issues with perovskites are solved, these devices have very high potential of producing next generation solar cells reaching at least mid-20% efficiency values.

Scientific complications and controversies noted in the field of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells and the way forward for further development

“…Two good examples of the above devices are now already in the literature [62][63]. The band diagrams of these two devices based on GaAs/AlGaAs [61] and perovskite solar cells [62,63] are shown in Fig. 12.…”

Perovskite solar cells: short lifetime and hysteresis behaviour of current–voltage characteristics

“…1. The details of preparation and measurements are described in reference [2]. Because of this high variability of I-V curves, reporting device parameters can be un-reliable.…”

“…One major hindrance in the way of understanding these phenomena probably is a lack of mutual interpretation of concepts and different presentation habits developed in the two communities of electrochemists working with dye sensitised or PSCs and solid-state physicists working with inorganic thin film solar cells. Our group has recently attempted to bridge this gap, by analysing PSCs as compared to inorganic thin film solar cells [2]. The aim of this review is to explain the I-V hysteresis and other instabilities of PSCs in parallel to that of the inorganic thin film solar cells.…”

Modification of NiOx hole transport layers with 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid and its influence on the performance of lead halide perovskite solar cells

“…1a) were prepared. A schematic energy band diagram based on the values published in literature [48][49][50][51] is shown in Fig. 1b.…”

“…1b. The Fermi level has been chosen as the reference energy level instead of the vacuum level since this is more suited to describe non-ideal systems such as the herein discussed devices [51]. The JV curves of typical solar cells without and with Br-BPA modification measured in fwd and bwd direction are presented in Fig.…”