Perovskite Nanowires for Next-Generation Optoelectronic Devices: Lab to Fab

Abstract

The minuscule sizes of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have revolutionized photonic circuitry and led to efficient optoelectronic devices with unprecedented speed. With the impressive progress accomplished in consideration of pressing challenges, perovskite materials have been in the spotlight in research. The low-dimensional perovskites (especially nanowires) supersede their bulk counterparts with remarkable optoelectronic properties that make them suitable to be used in a broad range of applications. Nevertheless, for realizing any potential application, mechanistic insights on the crystal growth, especially the ordering/ orientation and hence the underlying physics of light−matter interactions in the perovskite nanowires, are needed, and research is yet to plateau. Herein, we emphasize the fundamental understanding of formation mechanisms and anticipated challenges along with the progressive evolutions of several blossoming candidates in exciting optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors, lasers, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, and field-effect transistors. Importantly, the perspectives offered in this Review can stimulate future research directions and opportunities that could pave the way for ambient-stable next-generation optoelectronic devices.

Metal Halide Perovskite Nanowires: Controllable Synthesis, Mechanism, and Application in Optoelectronic Devices

“…Metal halide perovskites have gained significant attention for various optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting diodes, [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] lasers, [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] photodetectors (PDs), [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] and solar cells [ 12 , 13 ]. Recently, researchers have shown increasing interest in perovskite materials with different structures, such as quantum dots, [ 14 , 15 ] nanowires (NWs), [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] nanoplates, [ 23 , 24 ] and thin films [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. One-dimensional (1D) perovskite NWs have been extensively studied because of their anisotropic properties and quantum mechanical effects.…”

“…Compared with their thin films or bulk counterparts, perovskite NWs have many advantages, including negligible ionic defects and grain boundaries, and thus exhibit enhanced photogenerated carrier transport properties, which can significantly improve the performance, reliability, and stability of optoelectronic devices [ 18 , 20 ].Furthermore, the inherently large surface area of perovskite NWs significantly enhances their light-harvesting properties. The spatial confinement of charge carriers in the highly crystalline 1D structure further improves charge separation, extraction, and transport [ 30 ].…”

Scaffold-Guided Crystallization of Oriented α-FAPbI3 Nanowire Arrays for Solar Cells

“…Inability to control nanowire orientation, however, has limited their performance as optoelectronic active layers. While each nanowire itself is a single crystal, charges must hop across nanowires in randomly oriented arrays, limiting overall current flow …”

Metal Halide Perovskite Nanowires: Synthesis, Integration, Properties, and Applications in Optoelectronics

“…Recently, great effort has been made in obtaining MHPs with different morphologies, including bulk crystals, [ 44,49–53 ] thin films, [ 54–58 ] nanocrystals (NCs), [ 59–64 ] 2D crystals, [ 65–68 ] 1D nanowires (NWs), [ 32,33,69–74 ] and 0D quantum dots (QDs). [ 75–78 ] Among them, 1D NWs have garnered more research interests benefiting from their unique characteristics of grain‐boundary‐free, efficient axial carrier transportation, in conjunction with strong radial spatial confinement.…”

“…[15] Meanwhile, the facile synthesis of MHPs, such as low-temperature and solution processability, contributes to a meteoric rise in their commercial potential with a high performance-cost ratio. [48] Recently, great effort has been made in obtaining MHPs with different morphologies, including bulk crystals, [44,[49][50][51][52][53] thin films, [54][55][56][57][58] nanocrystals (NCs), [59][60][61][62][63][64] 2D crystals, [65][66][67][68] 1D nanowires (NWs), [32,33,[69][70][71][72][73][74] and 0D quantum dots (QDs). [75][76][77][78] Among them, 1D NWs have garnered more research interests benefiting from their unique characteristics of grain-boundaryfree, efficient axial carrier transportation, in conjunction with strong radial spatial confinement.…”