Permutation-Substitution architecture based image encryption algorithm using middle square and RC4 PRNG

Bhowmick, Anirban; Sinha, Nishith; Arjunan, R. Vijaya; Bhamidipati, Kishore

doi:10.1109/icisc.2017.8068729

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Bhowmick et al [18] in 2017 designed a scheme for encrypting gray scale images based on PSN architecture using middle square and RC4 Pseudo Random Number Generation (PRNG). Although, the images encrypted by the designed scheme attains the ideal entropy value, but it fails to resist the differential attack.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing Digital Images using Stream Cipher and MDS Matrix

2021

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This is an improved and extended version of the paper presented in CVIP 2020 conference. Stream ciphers are extensively used over a wide range of applications including security of digital data. In this paper, a method for securing different types of images (binary, gray scale, true color, and index) based on stream cipher (RC4A) and MDS (Maximum Distance Separable) matrix is proposed. The method adopts the framework of the Permutation-Substitution Network (PSN) of cryptography, and thus satisfies both confusion and diffusion properties required for a secure encryption algorithm. The proposed method encrypts a digital image into a random-like image from human visual as well as statistical point of view. Several encryption evaluation metrics, such as key sensitivity, chi-squared test, adjacent pixels correlation coefficient, irregular deviation, number of pixel change rate, unified averaged changed intensity, etc., are applied on test images taken from MATLAB IPT and USC-SIPI image database, to empirically assess the performance of the proposed method. The results of these statistical and security tests support the robustness of the proposed approach.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing Digital Images using Stream Cipher and MDS Matrix

2021

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“…Mao et al [10] presented an image encryption scheme using 3D chaotic baker maps. Bhowmick et al [11] used the middle square and the RC4 for an image encryption architecture. Bhopi et al [12] proposed an encryption algorithm for the security of medical images based on permutation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, avoiding unauthorised access and view to the DICOM imaging has become an important issue. Many techniques are used to protect secret images like encryption [1–12] and watermarking [13–16]. However, the capacity of watermarking techniques is limited, so to hide an image in another multimedia data, it is necessary that the size of the cover data will be multiple of the watermark data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing DICOM images by a new encryption algorithm using Arnold transform and Vigenère cipher

2020

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This study presents a novel encryption method for the security of DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images used in medical applications. The proposed algorithm splits the original image into blocks of size 16 × 16 pixels, then encrypts it through three steps. Firstly, the keys k1, k2, k3 and k4 are transformed from four vectors of 16 pixels to a matrix of 16 × 16 pixels. Then, the proposed algorithm encrypts the image block‐by‐block using the Vigenère cipher algorithm. For each block, the proposed algorithm modifies the key using Arnold transform. The proposed encryption algorithm is scalable with colour images and JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) compression. The cryptanalysis of the proposed algorithm demonstrates that it passed the cryptography attacks tests with success. Its running time shows that it is faster than a typical and recent image encryption algorithm.

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“…At the last layer, the results of bit-shift and ACM encryption are encrypted again with the RC4 algorithm, which is a stream cipher. The RC4 algorithm consists of three stages, namely the key scheduling algorithm (KSA), pseudo-random generator algorithm (PRGA), and XOR operation [30]. The key used in this layer is the same as the key used in the previous two layers, but the key used does not go through the preprocessing process such as SUM, SUB, ABS, and MOD operations.…”

Section: Stream Ciphermentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple layer image security using bit-shift, chaos, and stream encryption

et al. 2020

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One popular image security technique is image encryption. This research proposes an image encryption technique that consists of three encryption layers, i.e. bit-shift encryption, chaos-based encryption, and stream encryption. The chaos algorithm used is Arnold's chaotic map, while the stream cipher algorithm used is RC4. Each layer has different cryptology characteristics in order to obtain safer image encryption. The characteristics of cryptology are permutation, confusion, diffusion, and substitution. The combination of the proposed encryption method aims to secure images against various attacks, especially attacks on statistics and differentials. The encryption method testing is done by various measuring instruments such as statistical analysis, i.e. entropy information, avalanche effect, and histogram, differential analysis, i.e. UACI and NPCR, visual analysis using PSNR and SSIM, and bit error ratio. Based on the results of experiments that the encryption method that we propose can work excellently based on various measurement instruments. The decryption process can also work perfectly this is evidenced by the ∞ value based on PSNR, and zero value based on SSIM and BER.

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Permutation-Substitution architecture based image encryption algorithm using middle square and RC4 PRNG

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Securing Digital Images using Stream Cipher and MDS Matrix

Securing Digital Images using Stream Cipher and MDS Matrix

Securing DICOM images by a new encryption algorithm using Arnold transform and Vigenère cipher

Triple layer image security using bit-shift, chaos, and stream encryption

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