Permeation of Dry Seeds with Chemicals: Use of Dichloromethane

Meyer, Hanna; Mayer, Alfred M.

doi:10.1126/science.171.3971.583

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Organic solvents are non-polar, easily penetrate the seed coat, carrying non-polar chemicals including many fungicides with them which volatilize quickly, leaving the fungicide deeper inside the seed and distributed more evenly than that obtained with conventional treatments (Meyer and Mayer, 1971). The amount of fungicide used by the infusion method is less than that required in a conventional seed treatment (Persson, 1988;Tao et al, 1974).…”

Section: Recent Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Permeation: Because in pelleting drying is must which is time consuming and labour intensive so that permeation is an alternative to this. In this practice dissolving of chemicals in organic solvents which can then carry them beneath the covering layers of seeds and which then evaporate so that permeation can be achieved without the need for drying the seeds since no water is used (Meyer and Meyer, 1971;Shao et al, 2007). Limitations • As far as is known at present, the chemicals do not penetrate the embryo but only into its vicinity, infect such penetration can be fatal.…”

Section: Recent Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seed treatments for sustainable agriculture-A review

Sharma

Singh²,

Sharma³

et al. 2015

JANS

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Seed treatment refers to the application of certain agents physical, chemical or biological to the seed prior to sowing in order to suppress, control or repel pathogens, insects and other pests that attack seeds, seedlings or plants and it ranges from a basic dressing to coating and pelleting. Introduction and ban of arsenic (used from 1740 until 1808) is the key milestones in the history of modern seed treatment till then a continuous research and advancement in this technology is going on. The technological advancement prepared a roadmap for refining existing seed treatment technologies and future work on technologies like fluid drilling as a way to sow germinated seeds where gel can also serve as a delivery system for other materials, seed priming advances the early phase of germination without redicle emergence. Another advanced technology, solid matrix priming (SMP) has been evaluated as a means to advances the germination of seeds and serve as a carrier for useful material too. Physical and biological seed treatments alone an alternative to chemicals or in combination with a chemical treatment are being used worldwide because of their environmental safety and socioeconomic aspects. Biological seed treatments are expected to be one of the fastest growing seed treatment sectors in the near future, in part because they are easier to register at Environment Protection Agency (EPA). Lack of awareness to seed treatments at farmer's level is one of the limiting factors in disease management and hence, efforts should be made at farmer's level to adopt the technology. Keeping the all above facts in mind, selected seed treatment technologies with their improvement and significance will be discussed in this review.

show abstract

Section: Recent Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed treatments for sustainable agriculture-A review

Sharma

Singh²,

Sharma³

et al. 2015

JANS

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since excised embryos have the capacity to metabolize ABA to the same products regardless of their state of dormancy, we were interested in the fate of 2-54C-ABA in the intact seed during the stratification process. Intact seeds take up ABA very slowly from aqueous solutions, so we used the solvent infiltration method described by Meyer and Mayer (3) to get sufficient '4C-ABA into the seed for subsequent metabolic studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since intact ash seeds take up ABA very poorly from aqueous solutions, dichloromethane was used as a solvent to introduce sufficient 2-"C-ABA into the seed for metabolic studies (3). Difolaton-treated seeds were shaken in batches of 40 seeds with 2 106 dpm (S)-2-14C-ABA, in 1 ml of dichloromethane for 24 hr in the dark at 20 C. Uptake of the dichloromethane solution was facilitated by the application of a low vacuum at the beginning and end of the shaking period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolism of Hormones during Seed Germination and Dormancy

Sondheimer¹,

Galson²,

Tinelli³

et al. 1974

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Embryos from dormant and stratified Fraxinus americana seed were incubated with (S)-2-"C-abscisic acid (ABA) under a variety of conditions. Both dormant and stratified embryos rapidly metabolize abscisic acid to phaseic acid, dihydrophaseic acid, and an unidentified polar metabolite apparently derived from dihydrophaseic acid. Although the stratified embryos may have an increased capacity to metabolize abscisic acid, our calculations suggest that such an increased capacity would probably not be physiologically significant. Dormant intact seeds also metabolize (S)-2-VC-abscisic acid during stratification at 5 C or incubation at 25 C. The metabolites appear to be similar to those observed in excised embryos although by 12 days of stratification a fourth metabolite is observed. More than 90% of the "C-abscisic acid was metabolized after 26 days of stratification at 5 C or after 12 days of incubation at 25 C. Stratification at 5 C leads to the breaking of dormancy while incubation at 25 C does not.The plant growth regulator ABA prevents germination when applied to embryos of Fraxinus ornus, a nondormant ash species, and to F. americana embryos from seeds whose dormancy has been overcome by stratification (5). The concentration of ABA in the seeds and pericarp of F. americana has been shown to decrease during the course of stratification to approximately that found in the nondormant F. ornus (6). These latter results suggested the possibility of ABA metabolism during the stratification process. While ABA has been shown to be metabolized rapidly in several other plants including tomato and bean (4, 11), its metabolism in dormant tissues has not been reported. We were interested in the extent to which ABA is metabolized by dormant seeds, the identity of the metabolites and in the possibility that the stratification process might result in an increased capacity for ABA metabolism. In order to answer these 'Eva Galson, Eugene Tinelli, and Daniel Walton dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague and friend, Ernest Sondheimer. We shall sadly miss his companionship, creativity, and infectious enthusiasm for research.questions about ABA metabolism, dormant and stratified excised F. americana embryos and endosperm were incubated with 2-"`C-ABA. 2-w"C-ABA metabolism was also followed in intact seeds during a stratification period at 5 C sufficient to break dormancy, and during an incubation period at 25 C which does not result in the breaking of domancy. All of this work was done with the naturally occurring (S) enantiomer of ABA, and in some cases with the (R) enantiomer also. Relatively large scale incubations of embryos with (RS)-2-uC-ABA were also done in order to obtain sufficient quantities of metabolites for identification by chemical and spectral methods.MATERIALS AND METHODS Short Term Incubations. F. americana seeds (1971 crop from Herbst Bros., Brewster, N.Y.) were depericarped by hand and then imbibed in tap water for 24 hr. After the embryos were excised, they were shaken for 24 hr in 25-ml round b...

show abstract

“…The effects of growth regulators have been studied by incorporating them into the germination medium (Reynolds and Thompson, 1973), by introducing them into the seed via a non-aqueous solvent such as acetone or dichloromethane before evaporating off the solvent (Meyer and Mayer, 1971;Tao and Khan, 1974), or by soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of the chemical (Odegbaro and Smith, 1969;Gray and Steckel, 1977). We have used a single treatment following the method of Khan, Tao and Roe (1973) involving a 24 h soak in acetone solution containing kinetin (0-50 mM) and gibberellic acid (GA3, 0-25 mM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Light and Growth Regulators on Germination and Radicle Growth of Lettuce Seeds Held Under High‐temperature Stress and Water Stress

Hegarty

Ross

1979

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYSeeds of two cultivars of lettuce {Lactuca sativa L.), untreated or soaked in acetone containing kinetin and gibberellic acid (K + GAg), were germinated in light or dark at a range of (high) temperatures and at a range of water potentials. In addition, untreated and treated seeds were germinated at 20 °C in the light and then transferred to the same high temperatures or to low water potentials. In both cvs light and K-I-GA3 promoted germination at high temperatures and at low water potentials, although the cvs differed quantitatively in their responses. The upper temperature limit of germination in the light, and of radicle growth after germination, were similar in treated and untreated seeds respectively, suggesting that light and K + GAg in combination may have completely removed the specific high-temperature block to germination. Although light and K + GA3 increased the tolerance of germination to water stress, germinated, untreated seeds were able to grow at even lower water potentials. The K + GA3 treatment, whilst promoting germination under high temperature or water stress, reduced radicle growth subsequent to germination, thus providing support for the possibility that, in germination, the initiation of cell elongation has a degree of metabolic independence of the other processes associated with growth.

show abstract

Permeation of Dry Seeds with Chemicals: Use of Dichloromethane

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Seed treatments for sustainable agriculture-A review

Seed treatments for sustainable agriculture-A review

The Metabolism of Hormones during Seed Germination and Dormancy

Effects of Light and Growth Regulators on Germination and Radicle Growth of Lettuce Seeds Held Under High‐temperature Stress and Water Stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About