“…Certain studies have found that Haeberli's criteria can be appropriate for detecting permafrost (Hoelzle, Haeberli, & Keller, ; Isaksen et al, ; Langston et al, ). However, they must be considered as relative indicators with an associated degree of uncertainty, and they do not necessarily indicate the presence or absence of ground ice, as other factors can affect the BTS (Brenning, Gruber, & Hoelzle, ; Imhof, Pierrehumbert, Haeberli, & Kienholz, ).…”