Periviscerokinins in Cockroaches: Release, Localization, and Taxon-Specific Action on the Hyperneural Muscle

Wegener, Christian; Linde, Dirk; Eckert, Manfred

doi:10.1006/gcen.2000.7570

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Evidence for a neurohormone release of CAPA-PVKs from the median/transverse nerve system comes from in vitro experiments with isolated ventral nerve cords of the American cockroach. Using a specific ELISA against Pea-CAPA-PVK-1, a high-K + induced release of CAPA-PVK-1 could be demonstrated [43]. Interestingly, a prerequisite for a measurable release was that not only the abdominal PSOs, but also transverse nerve branches of the more distally situated hyperneural muscle (the cockroach ventral diaphragm) had to be present.…”

Section: Release Of Capa Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the thoracic ganglia, only a single pair of median CAPA neurons exists in the first abdominal neuromere fused with the metathoracic ganglion and projects into the brain. The distribution of CAPA peptides was subsequently studied in a number of distantly related cockroaches and was very similar to that described for P. americana [43].…”

Section: Periplaneta Americanamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology of the CAPA peptides in insects

Predel

Wegener

2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

141

113

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CAPA peptides have been isolated from a broad range of insect species as well as an arachnid, and can be grouped into the periviscerokinin and pyrokinin peptide families. In insects, CAPA peptides are the characteristic and most abundant neuropeptides in the abdominal neurohemal system. In many species, CAPA peptides exert potent myotropic effects on different muscles such as the heart. In others, including blood-sucking insects able to transmit serious diseases, CAPA peptides have strong diuretic or anti-diuretic effects and thus are potentially of medical importance. CAPA peptides undergo cell-type-specific sorting and packaging, and are the first insect neuropeptides shown to be differentially processed. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the structure, distribution, receptors and physiological actions of the CAPA peptides.

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Section: Release Of Capa Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Periplaneta Americanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the CAPA peptides in insects

Predel

Wegener

2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

141

113

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“…Assuming that the Va neurons do not receive synaptic input within the ventral ganglion, it is difficult to account for the neurites forming a dorsal loop, which is moreover at least partly outside the neuropile area. A comparable loop is formed by CAPA-peptide expressing neurons in the abdominal ganglia of various cockroach species (VLC neurons; Eckert et al 1999Eckert et al , 2002Wegener et al 2001) and the moth Manduca sexta (the NS-M4 neurons; Predel et al 2003b), which all innervate the aPSOs. This provides strong morphological evidence that the MeN-associated neurohaemal aPSO system has been highly conserved during insect evolution down to the cellular level.…”

Section: Morphology Of Larval Va Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and metamorphosis of the peptidergic Va neurons and the median nerve system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2006

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Metamorphosis is a fundamental developmental process and has been intensively studied for various neuron types of Drosophila melanogaster. However, detailed accounts of the fate of identified peptidergic neurons are rare. We have performed a detailed study of the larval morphology and pupal remodelling of identified peptidergic neurons, the CAPA-expressing Va neurons of D. melanogaster. In the larva, Va neurons innervate abdominal median and transverse nerves that are typically associated with perisympathetic organs (PSOs), major neurohaemal release sites in insects. Since median and transverse nerves are lacking in the adult, Va neurites have to undergo substantial remodelling during metamorphosis. We have examined the hitherto uncharacterised gross morphology of the thoracic PSOs and the abdominal median and transverse nerves by scanning electron microscopy and found that the complete reduction of these structures during metamorphosis starts around pupal stage P7 and is completed at P9. Concomitantly, neurite pruning of the Va neurons begins at P6 and is preceded by the high expression of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) subtype B1 in late L3 larvae and the first pupal stages. New neuritic outgrowth mainly occurs from P7-P9 and coincides with the expression of EcR-A, indicating that the remodelling of the Va neurons is under ecdysteroid control. Immunogold-labelling has located the CAPA peptides to large translucent vesicles, which are released from the transverse nerves, as suggested by fusion profiles. Hence, the transverse nerves may serve a neurohaemal function in D. melanogaster.

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“…The pyrokinins, the PVKs and the ecdysis-triggering hormones all have residues in common with the four CAPA-P. K. Loi and N. J. Tublitz like peptides in Manduca and Drosophila. Of these, the CAPA peptides have the closest structural homology with the PVKs, a group of peptides originally isolated from the cockroach Leucophaea maderae (Predel et al, 1995;Wegener et al, 2001) and subsequently identified in several other insect species (Predel and Gade, 2002). Early work on the PVKs raised the possibility that they required specific N-terminal and C-terminal motifs, but, with the recent identification of additional PVKs, this notion has been modified in favor of a GLXXXPRVa PVK signature motif at the C-terminus (Wegener et al, 2002).…”

Section: Classification Of Mas-capa-1 (Pelyafprva) and Mas-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence and expression of theCAPA/CAP2bgene in the tobacco hawkmoth,Manduca sexta

Loi

Tublitz

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The gene coding for cardioacceleratory peptide 2b (CAP2b; pELYAFPRV) has been isolated and sequenced from the moth Manduca sexta (GenBank accession #AY649544). Because of its significant homology to the CAPAgene in Drosophila melanogaster, this gene is called the Manduca CAPA gene. The Manduca CAPA gene is 958 nucleotides long with 29 untranslated nucleotides from the beginning of the sequence to the putative start initiation site. The CAPA gene has a single open reading frame,441 nucleotides long, that codes for a predicted precursor protein of 147 amino acids. The predicted prepropeptide encodes a single copy of each of three deduced propeptides, a CAP2b propeptide, with a Q substituted for an E at the N-terminus (QLYAFPRVa), and two novel CAP2b-related propeptides(DGVLNLYPFPRVa and TEGPGMWFGPRLa). To reduce confusion and to adopt a more standardized nomenclature, we rename pELYAFPRVa as Mas-CAPA-1 and assign the names of Mas-CAPA-2 to DGVLNLYPFPRVa and Mas-PK-1 (Pyrokinin-1) to TEGPGMWFGPRLa. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of the CAPA gene in the Manduca central nervous system (CNS) was determined in all major post-embryonic stages using in situ hybridization techniques. The CAPA gene is expressed in a total of 27 pairs of neurons in the post-embryonic Manduca CNS. A total of 16 pairs of cells is observed in the brain, two pairs in the sub-esophageal ganglion (SEG), one pair in the third thoracic ganglion (T3), one pair in each unfused abdominal ganglion(A1–A6) and two pairs in the fused terminal ganglion. The mRNA from the CAPA gene is present in nearly every ganglion in each post-embryonic stage. The number of cells expressing the CAPA gene varies during post-embryonic life, starting at 54 cells in first-instar larvae and declining to a minimum of 14 cells midway through adult development.

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Periviscerokinins in Cockroaches: Release, Localization, and Taxon-Specific Action on the Hyperneural Muscle

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Biology of the CAPA peptides in insects

Biology of the CAPA peptides in insects

Morphology and metamorphosis of the peptidergic Va neurons and the median nerve system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Sequence and expression of theCAPA/CAP2bgene in the tobacco hawkmoth,Manduca sexta

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