Peripheral Vision of Youths with Low Vision: Motion Perception, Crowding, and Visual Search

Tadin, Duje; Nyquist, Jeffrey B.; Lusk, Kelly E.; Corn, Anne L.; Lappin, Joseph S.

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10350

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We reported a detailed analysis of pre-training results in a previous paper32. In brief, pre-training results revealed low central acuity for motion, deficits in motion perception that increased with increasing visual eccentricity, large impairments in the visual search ability and moderate deficits in visual crowding.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This, in turn, places additional demands on dynamic control of visuomotor mechanisms, which may be particularly important in peripheral vision2829. LV is often associated with a characteristic reduction in attention to peripheral visual fields, even when there is no known impairment to this region303132; impairments of either the central or peripheral fields often reduce visual performance in using other regions3334. This suggests that some of the impairments observed in LV might reflect higher-level attentional deficits—deficits that might be particularly amendable via action video game training.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth

Nyquist

Lappin

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Visual function demands coordinated responses to information over a wide field of view, involving both central and peripheral vision. Visually impaired individuals often seem to underutilize peripheral vision, even in absence of obvious peripheral deficits. Motivated by perceptual training studies with typically sighted adults, we examined the effectiveness of perceptual training in improving peripheral perception of visually impaired youth. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of three training regimens: (1) an action video game, (2) a psychophysical task that combined attentional tracking with a spatially and temporally unpredictable motion discrimination task, and (3) a control video game. Training with both the action video game and modified attentional tracking yielded improvements in visual performance. Training effects were generally larger in the far periphery and appear to be stable 12 months after training. These results indicate that peripheral perception might be under-utilized by visually impaired youth and that this underutilization can be improved with only ~8 hours of perceptual training. Moreover, the similarity of improvements following attentional tracking and action video-game training suggest that well-documented effects of action video-game training might be due to the sustained deployment of attention to multiple dynamic targets while concurrently requiring rapid attending and perception of unpredictable events.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth

Nyquist

Lappin

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…This deficit could also be one of the underlying causes of longer search times in children with visual impairments. 13,14,20 Other studies have shown that children with visual impairments need more time to perform fine motor tasks. 33 Although the tasks in our study did not require a complicated motor response, problems with fine motor skills could have resulted in longer reaction times for some of the children.…”

Section: Relation To Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,10,11 Thus, the WHO definition of visual impairment may be too narrow for children with CVI, as well as for children with other visual impairments. [12][13][14] Presently, clinical tests of visual function do not assess visual processing speed. However, nontimed visual acuity tests may not reflect the demands of daily life activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, studies have shown that children with CVI display orienting responses with longer latencies 19 as well as longer search times. 20 Also, children with other visual impairments (VI o ) due to congenital ocular disorders and/or retinal abnormalities have longer search times 13,14 and lower reading speeds 21,22 compared with children with NV. Furthermore, in adults, visual acuity correlates with performance on visual processing speed tests 23,24 and visual acuity is a significant predictor of reaction times in adults with macular degeneration.…”

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Symbol Discrimination Speed in Children With Visual Impairments

Barsingerhorn

Boonstra

Goossens

2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Barsingerhorn AD, Boonstra FN, Goossens J. Symbol discrimination speed in children with visual impairments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:3963-3972. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.17-23167 PURPOSE. We measured visual acuity and visual discrimination speed simultaneously in children with visual impairments to determine whether they are slower than children with normal vision.METHODS. Five-to twelve-year-old children with visual impairments due to ocular dysfunction (VI o ; n ¼ 30) or cerebral visual impairment (CVI; n ¼ 17) performed a speed-acuity test in which they indicated the orientation of Landolt-C symbols as quickly and accurately as possible. The reaction times for symbols ranging between À0.3 and 1.2 logMAR relative to acuity threshold were compared with normative data. To test whether children were already slow in merely detecting symbols, we also compared their reaction times on a simple visual detection task (VDT) to normative data. An auditory detection task (ADT) was used to probe for other, more general deficits. RESULTS.Of the children with visual impairments, 88% had abnormally long reaction times in the speed-acuity test. This deficit was partly explained by their reduced acuity, but 40% still needed more time to discriminate acuity-matched optotypes. Children responded late in the VDT too, especially those with CVI, but this impairment could not fully account for their slow symbol discrimination. In children with CVI, reaction times in the ADT were affected as much as those in the VDT, suggesting more general sensorimotor problems in CVI.CONCLUSIONS. The speed-acuity test offers additional insight in visual impairment. Children with VI o and CVI are abnormally slow in discerning foveal details. Magnification of materials is often insufficient to compensate for this deficit, partly because stimulus detection is already hampered.

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