Peripheral vascular endothelial growth factor as a novel depression biomarker: A meta-analysis

Carvalho, André F.; Köhler, Cristiano A.; McIntyre, Roger S.; Knöchel, Christian; Brunoni, André R.; Thase, Michael E.; Quevedo, Joao L De; Fernandes, Brisa S.; Berk, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.002

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Consistent evidence from biochemical studies in depressed patients reported alterations in peripheral levels of the neurotrophic factors of cell survival and plasticity [28, 29]. In this work, we found that VEGF transcriptional level, IGF-1R serum concentration, both the protein and mRNA level of VEGFR2, PIGF, IGF-1 have significant differences among different diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Towards a multi protein and mRNA expression of biological predictive and distinguish model for post stroke depression

Yue

Jiang

et al. 2016

Oncotarget

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Previous studies suggest that neurotrophic factors participate in the development of stroke and depression. So we investigated the utility of these biomarkers as predictive and distinguish model for post stroke depression (PSD). 159 individuals including PSD, stroke without depression (Non-PSD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and normal control groups were recruited and examined the protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR2), placental growth factor (PIGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R). The chi-square test was used to evaluate categorical variable, while nonparametric test and one-way analysis of variance were applied to continuous variables of general characteristics, clinical and biological changes. In order to explore the predictive and distinguish role of these factors in PSD, discriminant analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. The four groups had statistical differences in these neurotrophic factors (all P < 0.05) except VEGF concentration and IGF-1R mRNA (P = 0.776, P = 0.102 respectively). We identified these mRNA expression and protein analytes with general predictive performance for PSD and Non-PSD groups [area under the curve (AUC): 0.805, 95% CI, 0.704-0.907, P < 0.001]. Importantly, there is an excellent predictive performance (AUC: 0.984, 95% CI, 0.964-1.000, P < 0.001) to differentiate PSD patients from MDD patients. This was the first study to explore the changes of neurotrophic factors family in PSD patients, the results intriguingly demonstrated that the combination of protein and mRNA expression of biological factors could use as a predictive and discriminant model for PSD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Towards a multi protein and mRNA expression of biological predictive and distinguish model for post stroke depression

Yue

Jiang

et al. 2016

Oncotarget

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“…Nine studies measured VEGF plasma levels (Arnold et al, 2012; Clark-Raymond et al, 2014; Dome et al, 2012; Dome et al, 2009; Fornaro et al, 2013; Halmai et al, 2013; Isung, Aeinehband, et al, 2012; B. H. Lee & Kim, 2012; Takebayashi et al, 2010); and eight assessed its serum levels (Berent et al, 2014; A. F. Carvalho et al, 2015; L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trophic factors GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in major depressive disorder: A comprehensive review of human studies

Sharma

Silva

Soares

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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113

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Rationale The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved. Purpose The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD. Methods A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015. Results Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions.

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“…In contrast, the performance of both platforms was sufficiently consistent for IL-8, IL-10, TNF and VEGF, although there was a general advantage for V-PLEX® technology. Importantly, these factors have shown promise as biomarkers for MDE (Carvalho et al, 2015;Meyer et al, 2011;Young et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to: Measuring blood cytokines in biological psychiatry using commercially available multiplex immunoassays

Belzeaux

Lefebvre

Lazzari

et al. 2017

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Cytokines produced by both immune and non-immune cells are likely to play roles in the development and/or progression of psychiatric disorders. Indeed, many investigators have compared the blood cytokine levels in psychiatric patients with those of healthy controls or monitored their levels in patients during disease progression to identify biomarkers. Nevertheless, very few studies have confirmed that such cytokines remain stable in healthy individuals through periods of weeks and months. This is an important issue to consider before using blood cytokine levels as biomarkers of disease traits, disease state, or treatment response. Although multiplex assay technology represents an advance in identifying biomarkers because it allows simultaneous examination of large panels of analytes from a small volume of sample, it is necessary to verify whether these assays yield enough sensitivity and reproducibility when applied to the blood from neuropsychiatric patients. Therefore, we compared two multiplex immunoassays, the bead-based Luminex® (Bio-Rad) and the electro-chemiluminescence-based V-plex® (MesoScaleDiscovery), for the detection and quantification of 31 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in both the sera and plasma of patients with major depressive episodes (MDE) and age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects during a 30-week period. Although both platforms exhibited low coefficients of variability (CV) between the duplicates in the calibration curves, the linearity was better in general for the V-PLEX® platform. However, neither platform was able to detect the absolute values for all of the tested analytes. Among the 16 analytes that were detected by both assays, the intra-assay reproducibility was in general better with the V-PLEX® platform. Although it is not a general rule that the results from sera and plasma will be correlated, consistent results were more frequent with the V-PLEX® platform. Furthermore, the V-PLEX® results were more consistent with the gold standard ELISA simplex assay for IL-6 in both sera and plasma. The intra-individual variability of the measurements, among the sera and plasma for the 4 samples harvested from each healthy individual, was low for Eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, TNF, TNF-β and VEGF, but intermediate or high for IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IP10. Together, these data suggest that extreme caution is needed in translating the results of multiplex cytokine profiling into biomarker discovery in psychiatry. Dear Editor,We thank you and the Editor in chief, Robert Dantzer, for reaching the conclusion to ultimately publish our manuscript. Following your suggestion, we changed the tiltle to: "How to: Measuring blood cytokines in biological psychiatry using commercially available multiplex immunoassays".We were concerned by the persistent negative comments of Reviewer#3, stressing out that our comparison between the two platforms we have worked with suffers a number of theoretical and technical limitations because...

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Peripheral vascular endothelial growth factor as a novel depression biomarker: A meta-analysis

Cited by 70 publications

References 50 publications

Towards a multi protein and mRNA expression of biological predictive and distinguish model for post stroke depression

Towards a multi protein and mRNA expression of biological predictive and distinguish model for post stroke depression

Role of trophic factors GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in major depressive disorder: A comprehensive review of human studies

How to: Measuring blood cytokines in biological psychiatry using commercially available multiplex immunoassays

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