Peripheral giant cell granuloma: A comprehensive review of an ambiguous lesion

Abstract

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic, tumor-like reactive lesion occurring exclusively on gingiva/alveolar crest. It is thought to arise from the periodontal ligament or the periosteum. Clinically, it bears resemblance to pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma and many other peripheral lesions seen in the oral cavity, thereby histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis of this lesion. The lesion although being relatively common, but still carries a lot of ambiguity. The ambiguity is in terms of its etiology, growth potential, biological behavior (recurrence), histogenesis of its cells and its treatment. The entity further holds significance because of its notorious behavior and its high tendency to recur. The present paper describes recurrent PGCG with a comprehensive insight of the literature on its etiology, clinical, radiological, histological, ultrastructural and molecular aspects. Special attention is given on the histogenesis of cells and their types as also on the differential diagnosis and treatment of this lesion.

Laser Resection of a Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a 12 Year Old Boy: A Case Report

“…Various treatment modalities for PGCG have been described, including ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy, surgical resection, and laser excision [10,17,18]. Using diode lasers can decrease chair time, accelerate patient healing, reduce post-operative pain, and decrease the risk of infections due to the low potency of the laser [17,19]. Extensive removal of the entire base of the lesion by diode laser and appropriate curettage can help reduce the risk of multiple recurrences.…”

Recurrent Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report

“…In our case, reassessments after postoperative control were not established because the treatment was performed in a dental service inserted in a hospital with urgent and emergency care. However, it is assumed that successive relapses of the lesion occurred due to the excision technique not steered precisely, lacking inclusion of entire base of the lesion in the excised specimen [6].…”

“…The Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG) has been well documented as a reactive hyperplastic extra-osseus lesion characterized by non-neoplastic nodular swellings that develop in response to chronic tissue injury leading to exuberant tissue response originated from periosteal or periodontal ligament cells [1 -4]. Irritating factors including dental plaque and calculus, food impaction, chronic infections, periodontal disease or periodontal surgery, defective restorations, ill-fitting appliances and trauma from tooth extractions are described as possible etiological factors of PGCG [5,6].…”

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma-A Reactive Lesion: Case Report

“…If the periodontal membrane is affected, removal of the adjacent teeth is required for full resection, however this is primarily contraindicated. [19]…”