Perioperative administration of probiotics: effects on immune response, anastomotic resistance and colonic mucosal trophism

Abstract

Purpose:To investigate the effects of perioperative administration of diet containing probiotics on the immune response, anastomotic resistance, and colonic mucosal trophism in rats underwent left-sided colonic anastomosis. Methods: Sixty adults Wistar rats were randomized to two groups (A and B) with 30 animals each to receive or not a diet supplemented with probiotics (Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus helveticus) during pre-and postoperative period. They underwent laparotomy followed by left colon section and immediate anastomosis. Groups of 15 animals were killed either on the 4 th (groups A1 and B1) or 7 th PO (groups A2 and B2) days. The outcome variables were serum proteins, albumin, globulins and IgA, lenght and weight of the colon, mucosal weight, DNA content and anastomotic bursting pressure. Results: Colonic weight was greater in probiotic group compared to controls (1,69±0,34g vs 1,48±0,26g; p<0.05). Total serum proteins and globulin were higher in probiotic animals (proteins = 7,05±0,97g/dl vs 6,57±0,66g/dl e globulins = 5,1±0,62g/dl vs 4,68±1,1g/dl; p<0.05). Serum IgA increased from basal to post-operative days only in the probiotic group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Perioperative probiotics enhanced the immune response and colonic weight. Probiotics failed to increase anastomotic resistance. Key-words: Probiotics. Wound Healing. Immunoglobulin A. Immunity, mucosal. Anastomosis, Surgical. Colon. Intestinal Mucosa. Surgery. RESUMOObjetivo: Investigar os efeitos da administração peroperatória de dieta acrescida de probióticos sobre a resposta imunológica, resistência anástomótica e trofismo da mucosa colônica em ratos submetidos a anastomose do cólon esquerdo. Métodos: 60 ratos Wistar adultos foram randomizados em dois grupos (A e B), cada um com 30 animais, de acordo com o uso ou não de suplementação pré e pós-operatória de probióticos (Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus helveticus). Foram submetidos a laparotomia com secção e anastomose imediata do cólon esquerdo, e sacrificados em grupos de 15 animais no 4º (grupos A1 e B1) ou 7º dia de pós-operatório (grupos A2 e B2). As variáveis estudadas foram concentração plasmática de proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas e IgA; peso e comprimento do cólon sem fezes, peso da mucosa, conteúdo de DNA da mucosa e pressão anastomótica de ruptura. Resultados: Observou-se aumento do peso do intestino grosso sem fezes no grupo A (probiótico) quando comparado ao controle (1,69±0,34g vs 1,48±0,26g; p<0.05). Houve aumento de proteínas totais e globulinas no grupo probiótico (proteínas = 7,05±0,97g/dl vs 6,57±0,66g/dl e globulinas = 5,1±0,62g/dl vs 4,68±1,1g/dl; p<0.05). A IgA aumentou entre os níveis basais e o pós-operatório apenas no grupo probiótico (p<0.01). As demais variáveis não apresentaram diferenças entre diversos grupos estudados. Conclusão: O uso peri-operatório de probióticos melhorou a resposta imunológica e o peso do cólon. Não houve diferença na resistência anastomotica. Descritores: Probióticos. Cicatrização de feridas. Imunoglobu...

Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacillus helveticus

“…In another study, the administration of an aproteic diet with L. helveticus Bionan (Nestlé, Brazil) in combination with S. thermophilus protected the colonic mucosa of mice by counteracting the effect of malnutrition and restoring the number of goblet cells (Dock-Nascimento et al, 2007). Analogously, the same probiotic preparation administered to mice in pre- and post-operative periods stimulated the immune system, increased the production of serum IgA and increased colonic weight (Aguilar-Nascimento et al, 2006). …”

Effect of probiotic administration on the immune response: a systematic review of experimental models in rats

“…Significant differences were observed with respect to the doses of probiotics used. However, no differences in results were noted between the highest (Beaulieu et al 2007) and lowest administered doses (Aguilar-Nascimento et al 2006): both showed positive immune responses. The immune response to the use of probiotics was also not dependent on the time of administration: positive responses were noted when probiotics were administered before pathogen challenge, during the challenge, or both before and after the challenge.…”

“…However, no trend was found among the studies analyzed regarding the type of microorganism used for the treatment, preventing the establishment of a general protocol. Lactobacillus were used against several different types of pathogenic challenges, including encephalomyelitis (Baken et al 2006;Maassen and Claassen 2008); colitis (Amit-Romach et al 2010); laparotomy with colon anastomosis (Aguilar-Nascimento et al 2006); and E. coli infection (Ishida-Fujii et al 2007), among others. With the exception of Baken et al (2006), all of these articles reported satisfactory results associated with the probiotic administration.…”

“…:Aguilar-Nascimento et al 2006; B: Amit-Romach et al 2010; C: Baken et al 2006; D: Beaulieu et al 2007; E: Bu et al 2006; F: de Waard et al 2002 a; G: de Waard et al 2002 b; H: Dong et al 2010; I: Ezendam and van Loveren 2008; J: Ezendam et al 2008; K: Flore et al 2010; L: Guitard et al 2006; M: Ishida-Fujii et al 2007; O: Kourelis 2010; P: Laudanno et al 2008; Q: Maassen and Claassen 2008; R: Marotta et al 2003; S: Nardone et al 2010; T: Roller et al 2004; V: So et al 2008; X: Sousa et al 2008; CFU: colony forming unit; U: Unclear; Y: YES; N: NO; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgE: immunoglobulin E; IgG1: immunoglobulin G; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA: ribonucleic acid; mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid; ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; IL-4: interleukin-4; IL-5: interleukin-5; IL-6:…”

Probiotics and Prebiotics

“…Aguilar-nascimento et al showed that a diet supplemented with probiotics (Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus helveticus) during the pre-and postoperative periods in rats submitted to colonic resection and anastomosis enhanced colonic weight and anastomotic bursting strength postoperatively. IgA levels increased from intra-to postoperative periods only in animals receiving probiotics supplementation [22].…”