“…Moreover, chronic defects closely resemble those in the human situation, with respect to the microbial flora and the inflammatory reaction (Caton et al, 1994;Karatzas et al, 1999). Surgically created periodontal defects have been used to study the impact of GTR or GBR and the application of biologics, including enamel matrix proteins, BMP-2, FGF-2, TGF-β3, and PDGF (Sculean et al, 1997(Sculean et al, , 2000bRipamonti et al, 2001;Takayama et al, 2001;Donos et al, 2003;Teare et al, 2008). Potential endpoint analyses are generally performed between 3 and 6 mos by measurement of the length and/or area of new attachment, cementum, and bone.…”