Periodontal risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

BackgroundPeriodontal disease is a frequent complication of diabetes in adults, and both conditions are associated with systemic inflammatory states. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to establish the relative severity of periodontal disease risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsA systematic search strategy using PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed to identify relevant studies assessing periodontal risk markers in children and adolescents and T1D through to February 2019. Eligible studies were assessed for quality and heterogeneity, and a random effects model was used to estimate differences in selected periodontal risk markers in children with T1D relative to healthy controls.ResultsThe search identified 551 studies from which 23 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Random effects meta‐analyses demonstrated that relative to healthy controls, children and adolescents with T1D had higher mean values for plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss (all P < .001).ConclusionsRisk markers for periodontal disease were found to be more pronounced among children and adolescents with T1D compared to healthy controls. Early referral of these at risk individuals for dental examination is recommended to allow for early intervention.

Caries experience and gingival health in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus—A cross‐sectional study

“…[28][29][30] A recent systematic review identified that modifiable risk markers for periodontal disease (i.e., plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing and periodontal pocket depths) were more pronounced in children and adolescents with T1D compared to healthy controls. 9 Thus, if children with T1D have poor oral health, they may be likely to continue to have poor oral health as they transition into adulthood, which can potentially affect diabetes control and overall health. There is evidence from clinical studies to suggest that the release of inflammatory mediators secondary to chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues causes increased insulin resistance of tissues.…”

“…Children with T1D may also be at increased risk of dental caries due to changes in dietary practices, oral hygiene habits and altered salivary properties 7,8 . Few studies have investigated the association between glycemic control and oral health in children with T1D, and results to date are inconsistent 5,8–14 …”

Periodontal health status of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Periodontal diseases have been reported as the sixth most common complication of DM 5,21 . To date, the number of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of children with DM based on dental caries and periodontal health status mostly focus on T1DM and have concluded that they had poorer periodontal health status 22–24 …”

The Oral Microbiome of Healthy Japanese People at the Age of 90

“…It has been suggested that periodontal disease can be a major risk factor for some systemic diseases [72][73][74][75][76][77]. Recent advances in research on oral and general health have shown that there are protective host factors for periodontal-related systemic diseases [78][79][80].…”