Periodontal infections: understanding the complexity – Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are the pathological manifestation of the host response against the bacterial challenge from the dental biofilm at the tooth/gingival interface. The remit of this working group was to update the existing knowledge on the infectious nature of periodontal diseases. Material and Methods: The literature was systematically searched and critically reviewed. Four manuscripts were produced in specific topics identified as key areas to understand the importance of the microorganisms in the etio‐pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Results/Conclusions: The results and conclusions of the review process are presented in the following papers, together with the group consensus statements aiming to answer the following questions: (1) Has the use of molecular methods for the characterization of the human oral microbiome changed our understanding of the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease process? (2) Are the periodontal microbial complexes associated with specific cell and tissue responses? (3) How is the development of dental biofilms influenced by the host? (4) What can we learn about biofilm/host interactions from the study of inflammatory bowel disease? This consensus report provides answers to these questions with the most updated information on periodontal microbiology

Dental Calculus Formation among Recurrent Renal Calculi Formers

“…One ml of respective reagent what respective agent was pipette into a sterile and dry disposable dilution tube (3) .The required amount of standard solution and sample were added to the dilution tube and mixed thoroughly with in a vortex mixer (4) , and allowed to stand. The standard and sample mixture were transferred into a disposable cuvettes (5) , the absorbance of standard and sample were recorded by spectrophotometer and the wavelength (nm) was recorded against a blank.…”

“…As the concepts of etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases have changed over time, dental plaque took the entire spotlight and calculus was almost ignored. Currently, dental plaque remains the mainstay in the etiology of periodontal diseases [4,5]. The periodontopathic potential of dental calculus stems largely from unmineralized disease-associated bacterial biofilms coating its outer surfaces [6].…”

Novel strategy to detect and locate periodontal pathogens: The PNA-FISH technique

“…Periodontitis results from an imbalance between the subgingival microbiota and the host defenses, in susceptible individuals (Sanz and van Winkelhoff, 2011). The study of periodontal biofilms has assumed major importance in the past decades, however, owing to their complex polymicrobial nature and to the difficulties to perform invivo studies, its characterization for research and diagnostic purposes is still challenging.…”

The Role of Chemokines and Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal and Periapical Lesions: Current Concepts

“…Also, additional factors that benefit the microbial community or make the host more susceptible are determinant for PD and PL to develop and progress (Graves, 2008, Nair, 1997. PDs are the pathological manifestation of the host response against the bacterial challenge from the dental biofilm (Sanz & van Winkelhoff, 2011). PD is a chronic inflammatory condition of the attachment structures of the teeth -alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, connective tissues of gingiva -initiated and perpetuated by predominantly Gram-negative, anaerobe or microaerophilic bacteria that colonize subgingival area -such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.…”