Periodontal Health Condition in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Martande, Santosh S.; Pradeep, A.R.; Singh, Sonender Pal; Kumari, Minal; Suke, Deepak Kumar; Raju, Arjun; Naik, Savitha B.; Singh, Priyanka; Guruprasad, C. N.; Chatterji, Anirban

doi:10.1177/1533317514549650

Cited by 87 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Two previous studies reported that periodontitis was related to cognitive decline and disease progression in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia [77,78]. However, our study is the first to indicate an association between chronic periodontitis and gingivitis, and the risk of dementia in a nationwide, population-based study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Are Chronic Periodontitis and Gingivitis Associated with Dementia? A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched-Cohort Study in Taiwan

et al. 2016

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Background: Chronic periodontitis and gingivitis are associated with various diseases; however, their impact on dementia is yet to be elucidated. This study is aimed at investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and gingivitis, and the risk of developing dementia. Methods: A total of 2,207 patients, with newly diagnosed chronic periodontitis and gingivitis between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000, were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, along with 6,621 controls matched for sex and age. After adjusting for confounding factors, Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare the risk of developing dementia during the 10-year follow-up period. Results: Of the study subjects, 25 (1.13%) developed dementia compared to 61 (0.92%) in the control group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the study subjects were more likely to develop dementia (hazard ratio (HR) 2.085, 95% CI 1.552-4.156, p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, monthly income, urbanization level, geographic region, and comorbidities, the HR for dementia was 2.54 (95% CI 1.297-3.352, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis have a higher risk of developing dementia. However, further studies on other large or national data sets are required to support the current findings.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Are Chronic Periodontitis and Gingivitis Associated with Dementia? A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched-Cohort Study in Taiwan

et al. 2016

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“…Another mechanism proposed as being a contributing factor for developing cognitive impairment is the presence of oral infections, such as periodontitis. Martande et al reported a higher incidence and severity of periodontitis in patients with AD 56 . Periodontal pathogens could provide inflammatory mediators due to daily, transient bacteremias, which in return increase the oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) 57 .…”

Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Oral health for an ageing population: the importance of a natural dentition in older adults

Müller

Shimazaki

Kahabuka

et al. 2017

International Dental Journal

112

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Despite progress in dentistry, tooth loss in old age is still a reality, even more so in long-term-care residents. However, recent trends indicate that natural teeth are lost later in life. Functional decline and age-related pathologies have to be considered in oral health care for this vulnerable population. Retaining and restoring teeth and oral function in elders is important. Tooth loss significantly impairs masticatory performance, which cannot be fully restored by prosthodontic means. Hence an unconscious change in food intake occurs, often involving malnutrition and withdrawal from common meals. Poor oral appearance and bad breath may further impede social activities. Although a chewing activity may be beneficial for cognitive function, natural teeth can present a considerable risk for fragile elders, in whom aspiration of biofilm can lead to pneumonia and death. The presence of natural teeth is also correlated with higher life expectancy, but socio-economic confounding factors have to be considered. When evaluating oral health in the elderly population, standards and priorities for reporting oral health outcome measures have to be defined. Anatomical indicators such as the number of natural teeth or the presence of prostheses might be one option for reporting. However, functional indicators such as masticatory performance and patient-centred outcome measures may be more relevant. In conclusion, there is an overwhelming body of evidence that maintaining a healthy natural dentition in old age is beneficial from a structural, functional and psycho-social point of view.

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“…They were conducted in 5 different countries across Europe [10,12] , North [26] and South America [27] , and Asia [11] , and were published between 1994 and 2015 ( Table 1 ). The population sample ranged from 42 patients in the study by Ship and Puckett [26] to 409 patients in the study by Gil-Montoya et al [12] 2 of the studies were cross-sectional [10,11] , 2 were case-control [12,27], and one was a longitudinal observational study [26] .…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous years, there has been an increase in the publication of literature in order to investigate the possible association between PD and AD, with heterogeneous results [10][11][12] . Despite the existence of numerous narrative reviews [8,9,[13][14][15][16] , the use of subjective and non-standardized methods may have led to bias [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Periodontal Disease Associated with Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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Background: In the last decade, several observational studies have suggested that there exists an association between periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether or not this link exists. Summary: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline for systematic review was used and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016035377). The search strategy included using electronic databases and by hand searching articles published up to January 2016. MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched by 2 independent reviewers. Observational studies including patients meeting criteria for both AD and PD were eligible to be included in the analysis. Quality assessment of selected studies was performed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. From a total of 550 titles and abstracts, 5 studies were included (2 cross-sectional, 2 case-control and one cohort study) in the review. A fixed effects meta-analysis showed that the presence of PD is associated with the presence of AD (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.21-2.35). When only severe forms of PD were evaluated, a significant association was also observed (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.58-5.62). Key Messages: In the present review, a significant association was observed between PD and AD. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate the direction of the association and factors that may confound it.

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Periodontal Health Condition in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract: The periodontal health status of individuals with AD deteriorates with disease progression and was closely related to their cognitive function.

Cited by 87 publications

References 28 publications

Are Chronic Periodontitis and Gingivitis Associated with Dementia? A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched-Cohort Study in Taiwan

Are Chronic Periodontitis and Gingivitis Associated with Dementia? A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched-Cohort Study in Taiwan

Oral health for an ageing population: the importance of a natural dentition in older adults

Is Periodontal Disease Associated with Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

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