Periodontal disease and dental caries from Krapina Neanderthal to contemporary man – skeletal studies

Marosevic, Goran; Osmić, Hasan; Fazlić, Semir; Obralić, Nermina

doi:10.5644/ama2006-124.56

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In mid-to-late Pleistocene hominins such as the Neanderthals, dental pathologies are comparatively well documented (Smith 1976;Trinkaus 1978;Trinkaus 1985;Frayer and Russell 1987;Lalueza et al 1993;Tillier et al 1995;Skinner 1996;Trinkaus et al 2000;Lebel and Trinkaus 2002;Guatelli-Steinberg et al 2004;Walker et al 2011;Topić et al 2012;Lozano et al 2013;Lacy 2014a). A wide range of pathological features has been reported, from developmental defects such as linear enamel hypoplasia, to antemortem tooth loss, and in-vivo effects such as interproximal grooves reflecting the habitual use of toothpicks.…”

Section: Abstract: Aging Tooth Wear Caries Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specimens from Sima del Elefante (estimated to 1.3 MA) and Sima de los Huesos (0.3 MA) display a wide diversity of pathologies such as alveolar lytic lesions, hypercementosis and dental calculus (Martinon-Torres et al 2011), as well as periodontal disease, periapical infections, and even osteitis ). The Broken Hill maxillary dentition (0.3-0.125 MA) displays hypercementosis, multiple lesions of cariogenic origin, periodontal disease, and possible effects of hyposalivation (Koritzer and St Hoyme 1979;Puech et al 1980;Bartsiokas and Day 1993;Lacy 2014b).In mid-to-late Pleistocene hominins such as the Neanderthals, dental pathologies are comparatively well documented (Smith 1976;Trinkaus 1978;Trinkaus 1985;Frayer and Russell 1987;Lalueza et al 1993;Tillier et al 1995;Skinner 1996;Trinkaus et al 2000;Lebel and Trinkaus 2002;Guatelli-Steinberg et al 2004;Walker et al 2011;Topić et al 2012;Lozano et al 2013;Lacy 2014a). A wide range of pathological features has been reported, from developmental defects such as linear enamel hypoplasia, to antemortem tooth loss, and in-vivo effects such as interproximal grooves reflecting the habitual use of toothpicks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Due to the scarcity of the fossil record, in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of early Homo are typically documented at the level of individual fossil specimens, and it remains difficult to draw population-level inferences about dietary habits, diet-related activities and lifestyle from individual patterns of dentognathic alterations. The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, offers a unique opportunity to study in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of individuals belonging to a single paleodeme of early Homo. Materials and Methods: We analyze dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi sample, and in comparative samples of modern Australian and Greenlander hunter-gatherer populations, applying clinical protocols of dentognathic diagnostics. Results: The Dmanisi hominins exhibit a similarly wide diversity and similar incidence of dentognathic pathologies as the modern human hunter-gatherer population samples investigated here. Dmanisi differs from the modern population samples in several respects: At young age tooth wear is already advanced, and pathologies are more prevalent. At old age, hypercementosis is substantial. Discussion: Results indicate that dentognathic pathologies and disease trajectories are largely similar in early Homo and modern humans, but that the disease load was higher in early Homo, probably as an effect of higher overall stress on the dentognathic system. Key words: aging, tooth wear, caries, periodontitisThe Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi has yielded a large sample of hominin fossils associated with abundant and diverse faunal remains and Mode I stone artifacts (Gabunia et al. 2001;Ferring et al. 2011;Mgeladze et al. 2011). Occupation of the site began shortly after 1.85 Ma. The fossil hominin finds are dated to 1.77 Ma (Ferring et al. 2011). Dmanisi thus represents the earliest evidence of Homo outside of Africa. The well-preserved cranial, mandibular and postcranial remains of five individuals are unique in offering detailed insights into patterns of morphological variation within a paleodeme of early Homo, and into patterns of growth and aging Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). The craniomandibular morphology of the Dmanisi paleodeme has been described previously (Gabunia and Vekua 1995;Gabunia et al. 2000;Gabunia et al. 2001;Gabounia et al. 2002;Lordkipanidze et al. 2005;Lordkipanidze et al. 2006;Rightmire et al. 2006;Rightmire and Lordkipanidze 2010;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013). Cranial and mandibular morphological variation within the Dmanisi paleodeme is wide, but well within the range of variation seen in modern humans populations, and in populations of chimpanzee subspecies (Skinner et al. 2006;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). Variation in size, shape and dentognathic features among the Dmanisi mandibles has received special attention and has been studied to address questions of phylogeny, taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, die...

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Section: Abstract: Aging Tooth Wear Caries Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Iraq) and Cova Forada (Spain)(30)(31)(32). The microorganisms known to cause exacerbated whooping cough infections (Bordetella parapertusssis and Pasteurella multocida)(Table S9)were also detected in El Sidrón 1; however, only a limited number of B. parapertussis-specific reads were identified (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neanderthal behaviour, diet, and disease inferred from ancient DNA in dental calculus

Weyrich

Duchêne

Soubrier

et al. 2017

Nature

426

410

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Recent genomic data has revealed multiple interactions between Neandertals and humans, but there is currently little genetic evidence about Neandertal behavior, diet, or health. We shotgun sequenced ancient DNA from five Neandertal dental calculus specimens to characterize regional differences in Neandertal ecology. At Spy, Belgium, Neandertal diet was heavily meat based, and included woolly rhinoceros and wild sheep-animals characteristic of a steppe environment. In El Sidrón, Spain, no meat was detected in the dental calculus, but dietary components including mushrooms, pine nuts, and moss reflected forest gathering. Differences in diet were also linked to an overall shift in the oral bacterial community (microbiota) in Neandertals, suggesting that meat consumption contributed to significant variation between Neandertal microbiota. Evidence for self-medication was identified in one El Sidrón Neandertal with a dental abscess, who also likely suffered from a chronic gastrointestinal pathogen (Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Lastly, we characterized a nearly complete genome of the archaeal commensal Methanobrevibacter oralis in Neandertals-the oldest draft microbial genome generated to date at ~48,000 years old (10.2 depth). DNA preserved within dental calculus represents an important new resource of behavioral and health information for ancient hominid specimens, as well as a unique long-term study system for microbial evolution.

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“…Teeth studied from different periods of man's history including those from 130,000 years ago, 1st century, 10th century and 20th century reported that the number of decayed teeth was 0%, 2%, 3% and 12% respectively [1]. In a study of Neolithic man (10,200 BC) in northern China carious lesions were reported in 6%, of teeth, however, the proportion of individuals with at least one carious tooth was 42% [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%