Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease Risk

Hujoel, Philippe P.; Drangsholt, Mark; Spiekerman, Charles; DeRouen, Timothy A.

doi:10.1001/jama.284.11.1406

Cited by 409 publications

(414 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Several reports have found a greater association between periodontitis and systemic disease among smokers as compared to never-smokers (Hujoel et al, 2001;Hyman et al, 2002). Because periodontal disease is itself heavily influenced by cigarette usage (Tomar and Asma, 2000) and because of the imprecision of smoking data gleaned from self-report, it is difficult to remove fully the confounding effects of true tobacco exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Serum Cotinine Levels and Periodontal Status

Al-Bayaty

Baharuddin

Abdulla

2010

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:Smoking plays a significant role in the development of periodontal disease. Quantitative relation between smoking and increased severity of periodontal disease, by means of biochemical marker has not been described in Malaysian population. The present study was designed to apply serum cotinine measurement as a quantitative method to evaluate smoking levels in Malaysian patients and to correlate these levels with the severity of periodontal disease. Approach: The study group consisted of 80 healthy individuals (20-64) year, Current Smokers 26, Non Smokers 27 and Former Smokers 27. The subjects were then asked to complete a questionnaire including the demographic, socioeconomic status, medical history and history of cigarette smoking. The periodontal variables recorded were amount of Visible Plaque score, gingival bleeding Index and community periodontal index. Samples of blood "10 mL" were obtained in vacutainer tubes containing EDTA for quantitative analysis of serum levels of cotinine. The serum samples were analyzed for cotinine content by means of a competitive-inhibition ELISA technique. Results: Current smokers represent the highest mean cotinine serum level, 95.5 ng mL −1 , compared to former smokers, 35.5 ng mL −1 and non smokers, 22.9 ng mL −1 . The mean serum cotinine level in periodontally healthy patient showed the highest cotinine level (84 ng mL −1 ) followed by the gingivitis patients (68 ng mL −1 ) and (50 ng mL −1 ) for periodontitis patients. Conclusion: The present observations clearly indicate an association between smoking, periodontal disease clinical parameters "plaque, gingival bleeding scores" and cotinine serum levels in current smokers. Cotinine serum levels doesn't affected by the existence or the severity of periodontal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Serum Cotinine Levels and Periodontal Status

Al-Bayaty

Baharuddin

Abdulla

2010

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Recent studies also report a link between periodontal disease and other life threatening com plications like atherosclerosis, other cardiovascular problems, diabetes and pre-term childbirth. [4][5][6][7][8][9] This justifi es the treatment needed to re-establish peri odontal health.…”

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confidence: 99%

Full-mouth treatment versus quadrant root surface debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review

Farman

Joshi

2008

Br Dent J

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VERIFIABLE CPD PAPER• There were no significant differences in the effects of full-mouth treatment over the quadrant-wise approach over six months after treatment.• Root surface debridement remains the primary treatment modality for the professional management of chronic periodontitis.• The evidence for the additional benefi t of antiseptic use is inconclusive. I N B R I E F RESEARCHBackground and aims Non-surgical periodontal therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for patients with chronic periodontitis. Conventional non-surgical therapy by debridement of the root surfaces is performed on a quadrant basis with 1-2 week intervals. This time interval may result in re-colonisation by the bacteria of the instrumented pockets and impair healing. Therefore, a new approach of full-mouth non-surgical therapy to be completed within two consecu tive days with (full-mouth disinfection) or without (full-mouth debridement) use of oral antiseptics has been suggested. The aim of this review was to compare the clinical outcomes of the three modalities of non-surgical therapy (full-mouth disinfection [FMD], full-mouth debridement [FRp], quadrant scaling and root planing [Q]). Methods Standard searches of Medline and Embase databases and appropriate hand searching provided the published studies, which were then as sessed against pre-determined inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed wherever possible using Review Manager 4.2 software. Results Seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the review and these failed to show any statistically significant differences between the FRp and Q approaches. Further studies are required to reach conclusion regarding the advantages of FMD approach. Practical implications Mechanical debridement is an important component of treatment for chronic periodontitis and this review suggests that both the traditional quadrant approach and the newer the full-mouth debridement could be equally effective. BACKGROUND

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“…Smoking has been a confounding variable in studies of the association of CP and CHD [47]. Exposure to smoking has been associated with reduced release of TNF-α in human alveolar macrophages [48,49].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%