Periodontal Conditions and Pathogens Associated with Pre-Eclampsia: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Pre-eclampsia, the second most frequent direct source of maternal mortality, is a multisystem gestational disorder characterized by proteinuria and maternal hypertension after the 20th gestational week. Although the causes of pre-eclampsia are still discussed, research has suggested that the placenta has a central place in the pathogenesis of this disease. Moreover, current surveys indicated that periodontal disorders observed during the pregnancy and more particularly, periodontal pathogens could be link to the risk of pre-eclampsia. Objectives: This article aims to review recent studies focusing on periodontal conditions and pathogens associated with pre-eclampsia. Methods: The process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Results: Metabolic conditions, immunological changes, fluctuating progesterone and estrogen levels of the pregnant woman induce a dysbiosis of the oral microbiota and contribute to increase inflammation of periodontal tissues. Periodontal pathogens could diffuse through the bloodstream inducing a placenta inflammatory response as well as inflammatory molecules produced in response to periodontopathogens could migrate through the bloodstream leading to a placenta inflammatory response. Also, periodontopathogens can colonize the vaginal microbiota through the gastrointestinal tract or during oro-genital contacts. Conclusion: A cumulative bi-directional relationship between periodontal conditions, pathogens and the pre-eclampsia exists.

Associations between self‐reported periodontal disease and nutrient intakes and nutrient‐based dietary patterns in the UK Biobank

“…It is a major cause of tooth loss, which consequently can lead to poor nutritional status, low self‐esteem, and reduced quality of life (Tonetti et al, 2017). A growing body of evidence also suggests that periodontal disease is associated with several conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, pre‐eclampsia, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (Chapple et al, 2013; Tonetti et al, 2013; Bourgeois et al, 2019; Nadim et al, 2020; Bora et al, 2021; Gare et al, 2021; Maitre et al, 2021). Periodontal diseases are among the most prevalent chronic infections in humans.…”

Oral-Hygiene-Related Mobile Apps in the French App Stores: Assessment of Functionality and Quality

“…In Europe, oral diseases represent the third highest health care expenditure compared to other noncommunicable diseases [ 5 ]. In addition, oral diseases are risk factors for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s, and adverse pregnancy outcomes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

The Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Oral Cavity Cells and Tissues: A Narrative Review

“…The microorganisms play an important role in the maintenance of the proper environment in the oral cavity and encompasses oral niches, such as teeth surface, tongue, cheeks, subgingival and supragingival plaque, palates, tonsils and salivary [59,60]. A dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial ecosystem, can produce changes in their functional composition and can result in pathological conditions [59,[61][62][63]. The flavoring compounds of e-liquids have various aromas and tastes, and some chemical components, such as saccharides and sucralose are added to provide a sweet taste [64], they may selectively disrupt the homeostasis of the oral microbiome and can be associated with a variety of oral diseases, such as periodontitis and caries.…”