The Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Oral Cavity Cells and Tissues: A Narrative Review

Abstract

A wealth of research has comprehensively documented the harmful effects of traditional cigarette smoking and nicotine on human health. The lower rate of exposure to harmful chemicals and toxic substances offered by alternative electronic smoking devices (e-cigarettes, vaping, etc.) has made these methods of smoking popular, especially among adolescents and young adults, and they are regarded frequently as safer than regular cigarettes. During vaporization of these so-called e-liquids, toxins, carcinogens and various other chemical substances may be released and inhaled by the user. Data on the potential human health effect attendant on exposure to e-vapor are based mainly on animal and in vitro studies. The oral tissues are the first locus of direct interaction with the components of the inhaled vapor. However, the short-term as well as long-term effects of the exposure are not known. The aim of the review is to briefly present data on the effects of the chemical components and toxins of e-cigarette vapor on oral cavity cells and tissues of oral health.

Evaluation of Salivary Lipid Peroxidation in Paan Users

“…A free radical, such as H2O2 ions, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions, which are chemically highly reactive, can damage the lipids in the oral mucosa by activating lipid peroxidation (10). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation and a biomarker of oxidative stress (11)(12)(13), which plays an essential role in DNA damage, mutagenicity, and car-cinogenesis (12,13).…”

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Cigarettes

“…This might present an important clinical risk of oral cavity disorders. Additionally, in their review paper, Szumilas et al [ 6 ] review the literature in terms of the impact of e-cigarette aerosol on the cells and tissues of the oral cavity.…”

Atualizações acerca dos efeitos tóxicos gerados pelo uso do uso do cigarro eletrônico: uma revisão de literatura

“…A microbiota da boca também parece ser afetada, os saborizantes que constituem os e-líquidos alteram a homeostase da cavidade, predispondo a doenças orais, caries, elevados níveis de citocinas (IL-6 e IL-1b), infecções oportunistas e aumento da capacidade da virulência na região. Ademais, por meio do esfregaço de células da cavidade oral, micronúcleos foram detectados em usuários de e-cigarros, os micronúcleos poderiam representar um biomarcador de genotoxicidade para prever efeitos carcinógenos(Almeida-da-Silva et al, 2021;Szumilas et al, 2022;Wasfi et al, 2022;Rouabhia, 2020;Holliday et al, 2021).Por fim, dentre outros efeitos tóxicos identificados nesses estudos, cabe a identificação dos possíveis efeitos tóxicos do e-cigarro sobre as consequências dermatológicas. Quanto as consequências dermatológicas, hoje já está postulado que o uso dos e-cigarros pode trazer diversos efeitos negativos, uma vez que ele reduz a viabilidade celular, alterando ultraestrutura da pele e estimulando a liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL6, IL-8 e IL-10) nos queratinócitos humanos; foram relatados…”