Periodontal changes by HIV serostatus in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men

Barr, Charles; Lopez, Marta R.; Rua-Dobles, Ana

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1992.tb02173.x

Cited by 111 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Plaque index also showed a highly significant (p = 0.0018) positive relationship with age. The age range of the study population (20–55 years) may support the fact that as the individual ages, the chances of developing periodontal disease are increased [16]. A study by Yalcin et al [40] reported no association between clinical parameters and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stage an independent risk factor for altering the periodontal status of HIV-positive patients? A South African study

2013

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BackgroundThe immunosuppresion in HIV patients makes them highly susceptible to microbial infections. The aim of the study was to establish whether HIV stage (as depicted by CD4+ T lymphocyte counts) could independently be associated with periodontal status (as revealed by the measurement of clinical indices).MethodsOne hundred and twenty HIV-infected patients attending an infectious diseases clinic in the Western Cape, South Africa were included in the study. The periodontal clinical indices such as plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment levels were measured on the mesial aspect of the six Ramfjord teeth. The CD4 + T cell counts were taken from the patients’ medical records and patients’ HIV stage determined and grouped according to their CD4+ T cell counts into A (<200 cells /mm3), B (200–500 cells /mm3) and C (>500 cells /mm3).ResultsThe mean age of 120 HIV-positive patients was 33.25 years and the mean CD4 + T cell count was 293.43 cells/mm3. The probing depth and clinical attachment loss were found to be significantly associated with the total CD4 + T cell counts but not with HIV stage. Significant correlations were found between age and all clinical indices except for clinical attachment loss. No correlation was found between age and HIV stage of the patients. The use of antiretroviral therapy was significantly associated with probing depth and clinical attachment loss, but not with plaque nor gingival index. Significant associations were observed between smoking and all of the clinical indices except for the gingival index. A significant association was observed between the use of interdental aids and all the clinical indices except for probing depth, while brushing was significantly associated with plaque index only. CD4 + T cell counts were significantly associated with brushing frequency (p = 0.0190) and the use of interdental aids (p = 0.0170).ConclusionThe findings of this study conclude that HIV stage, ART and age are not independent risk factors for changes in the periodontal status of HIV-positive subjects but rather that smoking and oral hygiene habits determine their susceptibility to disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stage an independent risk factor for altering the periodontal status of HIV-positive patients? A South African study

2013

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“…Periodontal disease (PD) has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) over the past several decades (1, 2). Initial descriptions of oral health in HIV+ patients focused on extreme forms of PD (3, 4), followed later by more conventional definitions (1, 5, 6), making the comparison of study results difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing traditionally defined periodontal disease in HIV+ adults

Vernon

Demko²,

Whalen

et al. 2009

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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The level and extent of PD were high in this cohort even though most patients were being treated with HAART. The definition of periodontal disease used and cohort characteristics examined can influence the level of periodontal disease reported in studies of persons with HIV. Traditional periodontal pathogens are associated with PD in this cohort. Those with CD4+ T-cell counts <200 cells/mm(3) are at greater risk for PD. Therefore, earlier HAART initiation may decrease exposure to immunosuppression and reduce PD morbidity. Continuity of dental care remains important for HIV+ patients even when they are being treated with HAART.

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“…Considering that it is a microbial community disease, a distinct microbial profile in these patients, if identified, could assist our understanding of the aetiopathological mechanisms [18]. Factors which influence the prevalence of periodontal disease such as age, immune system competence, smoking habits, oral hygiene level are not always taken into consideration [4,19]. In this study, the periodontal health statuswasbetter in HIV infection adolescents and the bleeding was four times worse in the CG than theHIVG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The oral lesions associated with HIV that may occur in over half of HIV/AIDS patients are well established. Among these lesions the most common are HIV gingivitis and periodontitis [4][5][6], fungal and other opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health Status and Anthropometric Conditions among HIV Infected Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy in Mozambique

Sales-Peres¹

2014

J HIV Clin Sci Res

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Periodontal changes by HIV serostatus in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men

Abstract: immunosuppression, especially in combination with older age, may be a risk factor for attachment loss, and HIV seropositivity, independent of T4 cell counts, may be a risk factor for gingival inflammation.

Cited by 111 publications

References 22 publications

Is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stage an independent risk factor for altering the periodontal status of HIV-positive patients? A South African study

Is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stage an independent risk factor for altering the periodontal status of HIV-positive patients? A South African study

Characterizing traditionally defined periodontal disease in HIV+ adults

Oral Health Status and Anthropometric Conditions among HIV Infected Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy in Mozambique

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