Periodic surface structures on gallium phosphide after irradiation with 150fs–7ns laser pulses at 800nm

Abstract

Gallium phosphide is irradiated with 150fs–7ns duration laser pulses at a wavelength of 800nm. After irradiation with 150fs pulses, periodic surface structures (ripples) are observed on the GaP surface, exhibiting near-wavelength and substantially subwavelength spatial periods depending on irradiation conditions. As the pulse duration increases, near-wavelength ripples become a more dominant feature, completely replacing subwavelength ripples for pulse lengths beyond 80–130ps. Overall the results show that subwavelength ripples can be generated for a wide range of pulse durations, and their formation is quite insensitive to pulse intensity.

Laser-induced periodic surface structures: Fingerprints of light localization

“…Ripples which are either orthogonal [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] or parallel [16][17][18][19] to the polarization, with a periodicity significantly smaller than the laser light, have been observed for laser pulse durations in the picosecond and femtosecond regime. These are often referred to as high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSFLs), and as for LSFLs, they were observed on metals, 18,20 semiconductors, [7][8][9][10][11][12]16,17 and dielectrics as well. [13][14][15]19 The influence of polarization, angle of incidence, and wavelength of a laser beam on LSFL formation strongly indicates that the phenomenon is mainly governed by the electromagnetic field.…”

Adjustments of dielectrics craters and their surfaces by ultrafast laser pulse train based on localized electron dynamics control

“…Some explanations of formation mechanisms of subwavelength ripples have been proposed, including second-harmonic generation [13], self-organization [14], local field enhancement [15], and the interaction between the incident light and the excited surface plasmon [16]. Adjusting some pulse parameters of a shaped laser, such as the pulse durations [17], the pulse number [18], the energy distributions [19], the pulse fluence [20], and the central wavelength [21,22], can change the formation of the distribution of localized transient free electron and subwavelength ripples. Also, using shaped laser pulses, the ablation can be controlled [23][24][25][26]; the optical properties of glasses can be modified [27]; the ablation quality can be controlled and improved [28,29]; and highquality and high-precision microscale or nanoscale manufacturing can be achieved [28,30].…”

Subwavelength ripples adjustment based on electron dynamics control by using shaped ultrafast laser pulse trains

“…The spatial periods of HSFL are significantly smaller than the irradiation laser wavelength (Λ<λ/2), and their formation mechanism is still under investigation [10][11][12][13]. The effects of the pulse duration [14], pulse number [15], and fluence [16] on the evolution of LIPSS are all studied. For femtosecond (fs) laser pulse train processing of materials, the pulse delay between subpulses also strongly impacts the formation of nanostructures [17][18][19][20], especially the morphology of LIPSS [18][19][20].…”