Periodic appearance of theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during performance of a mental task

Mizuki, Yasushi; Tanaka, Masatoshi; Isozaki, Hiroshi; Nishijima, Hidetoshi; Inanaga, Kazutoyo

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(80)90229-1

Cited by 141 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Decreased alpha in the high-load task is consistent with the notion that the amplitude of this signal is inversely related to the proportion of cortical neurons involved with task performance. Similar patterns of effort-related modulation of the EEG have been found in numerous other investigations (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Although spectral components of healthy adults' EEG have been shown to be sensitive to the mental effort associated with computer-based laboratory tasks, few data exist concerning whether the EEGs of juvenile subjects playing commercial video games will exhibit the similar patterns.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…The peak amplitude at electrode site F, (6-7 Hz) was extracted to represent frontal midline theta in each subject. Average power across a 1-Hz band was used to characterize the alpha rhythm at electrode site 0, (9)(10)(11)(12) Hz) and the mu rhythm at electrode site C, (10)(11)(12)(13). A 3 (Load: resting x watching x playing) by 2 (Group: patient x control) ANOVA on absolute power values yielded no significant effect of group, or Group-by-Load interactions, at any of the measured frequencies.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Effort‐Related EEG Modulation During Video‐Game Play: Comparison Between Juvenile Subjects with Epilepsy and Normal Control Subjects

et al. 1999

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Summary:Purpose: This study investigated the effects of mental effort exerted during video-game play on features of the EEG in juvenile subjects diagnosed with seizure disorders and in age-matched clinically healthy subjects.Methods: EEG was recorded from 14 children (9-15 years old) as they played a video game, watched another person playing a video-game, and sat quietly with their eyes open. Seven of the subjects had been clinically diagnosed with seizure disorders, three of whom had also exhibited photosensitivity.Results: Three spectral components of the EEG showed cognitive load-related modulation. The amplitude of a frontal midline theta (6-7 Hz) signal increased with video-game play relative to the watching and eyes open resting conditions. A posterior alpha band (9-12 Hz) signal was attenuated during the playing and the watching conditions relative to the resting condition. A central mu (10-13 Hz) rhythm was attenuated during the game-playing condition. No significant differences were found between the patient and control groups for any of these features. Incidence of epileptiform events did not discriminate test conditions in the children with epilepsy.Conclusions: The results from this small sample suggest that video-game play tends to produce similar responses from children with epilepsy and in healthy control subjects. These responses in the juvenile population are similar to responses elicited by increased mental load in normal adult populations.

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confidence: 66%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Effort‐Related EEG Modulation During Video‐Game Play: Comparison Between Juvenile Subjects with Epilepsy and Normal Control Subjects

et al. 1999

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“…A speculative hypothesis then is that the DMN operates in theta mode (which is reflected in the scalp EEG by an increase in frontal theta) when it becomes less active (i.e., during engagement in a task). This would not only explain the observed BOLD decreases during engagement in a task Raichle et al, 2001), but it would also explain why frontal theta power has been shown to increase in a wide range of cognitive tasks, such as mental arithmetic Burgess and Gruzelier, 1997;Inanaga, 1998;Inouye et al, 1994;Iramina et al, 1996;Ishihara and Yoshii, 1972;Ishii et al, 1999;Lazarev, 1998;Mizuki et al, 1980;Sasaki et al, 1996;Smith et al, 1999), error detection tasks (Luu et al, 2003;Luu et al, 2004), language comprehension tasks (Bastiaansen et al, 2002;Hald et al, 2006) and working memory tasks (Gevins et al, 1997;Jensen and Tesche, 2002;Krause et al, 2000;Onton et al, 2005). However, although this suggestion would account for the observed pattern of theta power increases, it appears to contradict several previous functional interpretations that increased frontal theta oscillations reflect synchronous activity in brain regions that are involved in cognitively demanding tasks (Inanaga, 1998;Ishihara and Yoshii, 1972;Jensen and Tesche, 2002;Laukka et al, 1995;Onton et al, 2005;Smith et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This component has a frequency range of roughly 3-8 Hz, and is most prominent over midline fronto-central electrodes. Frontal theta has been observed during various cognitive activities that require attention or short term memory (Burgess and Gruzelier, 1997;Inanaga, 1998;Ishihara and Yoshii, 1972;Laukka et al, 1995;Lazarev, 1998;Smith et al, 1999), and is often studied during mental arithmetic Burgess and Gruzelier, 1997;Inanaga, 1998;Inouye et al, 1994;Iramina et al, 1996;Ishihara and Yoshii, 1972;Ishii et al, 1999;Lazarev, 1998;Mizuki et al, 1980;Sasaki et al, 1996;Smith et al, 1999). More recently, frontal theta power has been found to increase with working memory load (Gevins et al, 1997;Jensen and Tesche, 2002;Krause et al, 2000;Onton et al, 2005), indicating a possible role of theta oscillations in working memory maintenance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal theta EEG activity correlates negatively with the default mode network in resting state

Scheeringa¹,

Bastiaansen²,

Petersson³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Psychophysiology

363

295

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We used simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI to investigate in which areas the BOLD signal correlates with frontal theta power changes, while subjects were quietly lying resting in the scanner with their eyes open. To obtain a reliable estimate of frontal theta power we applied ICA on band-pass filtered (2-9 Hz) EEG data. For each subject we selected the component that best matched the mid-frontal scalp topography associated with the frontal theta rhythm. We applied a time-frequency analysis on this component and used the time course of the frequency bin with the highest overall power to form a regressor that modeled spontaneous fluctuations in frontal theta power. No significant positive BOLD correlations with this regressor were observed. Extensive negative correlations were observed in the areas that together form the default mode network. We conclude that frontal theta activity can be seen as an EEG index of default mode network activity.

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“…It is often studied during mental arithmetic (Inanaga, 1998;Inouye et al, 1994;Ishihara and Yoshii, 1972;Ishii et al, 1999;Lazarev, 1998;Mizuki et al, 1980;Sasaki et al, 1996;Smith et al, 1999), but more recently it has also been associated with WM maintenance (Gevins et al, 1997;Jensen, 2006;. Recently, two studies investigated the BOLD correlates of frontal theta activity during mental arithmetic Sammer et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trial-by-trial coupling between EEG and BOLD identifies networks related to alpha and theta EEG power increases during working memory maintenance

et al. 2009

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oPET and fMRI experiments have previously shown that several brain regions in the frontal and parietal lobe are involved in working memory maintenance. MEG and EEG experiments have shown parametric increases with load for oscillatory activity in posterior alpha and frontal theta power. In the current study we investigated whether the areas found with fMRI can be associated with these alpha and theta effects by measuring simultaneous EEG and fMRI during a modified Sternberg task This allowed us to correlate EEG at the single trial level with the fMRI BOLD signal by forming a regressor based on single trial alpha and theta power estimates. We observed a right posterior, parametric alpha power increase, which was functionally related to decreases in BOLD in the primary visual cortex and in the posterior part of the right middle temporal gyrus. We relate this finding to the inhibition of neuronal activity that may interfere with WM maintenance. An observed parametric increase in frontal theta power was correlated to a decrease in BOLD in regions that together form the default mode network. We did not observe correlations between oscillatory EEG phenomena and BOLD in the traditional WM areas. In conclusion, the study shows that simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings can be successfully used to identify the emergence of functional networks in the brain during the execution of a cognitive task.

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Periodic appearance of theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during performance of a mental task

Cited by 141 publications

References 8 publications

Mental Effort‐Related EEG Modulation During Video‐Game Play: Comparison Between Juvenile Subjects with Epilepsy and Normal Control Subjects

Mental Effort‐Related EEG Modulation During Video‐Game Play: Comparison Between Juvenile Subjects with Epilepsy and Normal Control Subjects

Frontal theta EEG activity correlates negatively with the default mode network in resting state

Trial-by-trial coupling between EEG and BOLD identifies networks related to alpha and theta EEG power increases during working memory maintenance

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