“…From 1970 onwards, fertility declined rapidly to an average of about 2.7 children per woman in 1980 and it fell further below replacement level in 1990 with 2.0 children per woman (Peng & Guo, 2000). There is a general consensus from the literature that although rapid socioeconomic development across different regions contributed to boosting fertility transition in China, this was largely due to the Later, Longer, Fewer policy and the subsequent more strict FPP implemented by the Chinese government (Tien, 1984;Bongaarts & Greenhalgh, 1985;Wolf, 1986;Feeney & Yu, 1987;Poston & Gu, 1987;Yang & Chen, 2004;Retherford et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2009). There is also, however, evidence to suggest that the onset of fertility transition and the recent trend towards very low fertility in China have both been driven by socioeconomic development.…”