Perinuclear Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody‐Associated Vasculitis in a Patient With Graves' Disease Treated With Methimazole

Abstract

A 15- year-old Caucasian girl presented with a 1-week history of necrotic ulcers on her bilateral lower extremities, associated with fever and malaise. She had had similar ulcerations on and off over the past 3 years. She had a medical history of Graves' disease, diagnosed in 1999, for which she was taking methimazole (MMI). On physical examination, there were multiple necrotic ulcers with elevated, inflamed borders and an overlying eschar on the bilateral distal extremities (Figure 1). There was one hemorrhagic, flaccid bulla on the lateral aspect of the ankle. Her complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio were within normal limits. Histopathology revealed a neutrophilic vasculitis involving small as well as medium-sized blood vessels. The overlying epidermis and upper dermis showed necrosis (Figure 2). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive at 1:160. Perinuclear (p-) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was positive at 1:320. Cytoplasmic ANCA was negative. The patient did not meet any clinical criteria for a diagnosis of lupus erythematosus. Direct immunofluorescence revealed IgM, complement C3, and fibrin in small- and medium-caliber blood vessels in the dermis, consistent with a leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small- and medium-caliber blood vessels (Figure 3). MMI was stopped and the patient was given prednisone, tapered over 5 days. Her thyroid function remained stable, and she did not develop new necrotic ulcers. One month later, the patient developed urticarial lesions on her lower extremities. Histopathology revealed a lymphocytic vascular reaction. No eosinophils or neutrophils were seen. These newer urticarial lesions resolved. The patient underwent debridement of the thick, necrotic ulcerative eschars. To date, her lesions have resolved (Figure 4). An ANA drawn 5 months after withdrawal of MMI was negative, and p-ANCA was 1:67.

Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody Positive Vasculitis Associated with Methimazole Use

“…Vessels in the joints, eyes, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and peripheral nerves may also be involved. The most common cutaneous lesion is leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which preferentially affects the lower extremities [ 4 ].…”

Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in the presence of methimazole therapy

“…5 The prevalence of MPO-ANCA in antithyroid drug users ranges from 25%-60% in patients treated with PTU and from 3% - 4% in those treated with MTM. 3,5-6,8-9 …”

Pericarditis: uncommon onset of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis induced by methimazol

“…As a primary manifestation of the disease, cardiac involvement is more frequent in Churg-Strauss disease [15,16]. The Skin lesions asleukocytoclastic vasculitisare commonly describe in the litterature, and affects preferentially the lower extremities [17].…”